Atlantic and Pacific Foraminiferal Amino Acid Racemization Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Atlantic and Pacific Foraminiferal Amino Acid Racemization Data LAST UPDATE: 4/2011 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Wehmiller, J. and P.E. Hare IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2011-040 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Wehmiller, J. and P.E. Hare. 2010. Atlantic and Pacific Foraminiferal Amino Acid Racemization Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2011-040. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCES: Wehmiller, J. and P.E. Hare. 1971. Racemization of Amino Acids in Marine Sediments. Science, New Series, Vol. 173, No. 4000, Sep. 3, 1971, pp. 907-911. Wehmiller, J.F.. 1971. Diagenesis of amino acids in fossil calcerous organisms. PhD dissertation, Columbia University, Dept. of Geology, New York. 329 pp. ABSTRACT (Wehmiller and Hare 1971): Isoleucine, one of several amino acids isolated from a suite of well-dated deep-sea cores, shows a progressive increase in the degree of racemization with the age of the sediment. Amino acids in sediments show an initial rate of racemization almost an order of magnitude faster than the rate observed for free amino acids at a comparable pH and temperature. The observed kinetics depend on a variety of diagenetic processes, but it appears that the ratio of alloisoleucine to isoleucine is a reliable indicator of age for samples less than 400,000 years old; for older samples the results are more ambiguous. Isoleucine is racemic in samples older than about 15 million years. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Atlantic and Pacific Oceans PERIOD OF RECORD: ~70 Ma - present FUNDING SOURCES: American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund, Atomic Energy Commission grant AT(30-1)- 3139. DESCRIPTION: Concentration and D-alloisoleucine/L-isoleucine values from mixed foraminfera samples from sediment cores from Atlantic, Caribbean, and Pacific basins. Core Locations: Core Latitude Longitude WaterDepth(m) OceanBasin V12-122 17.00 -74.47 2730 A A179-4 16.60 -74.80 2965 A V16-205 15.40 -43.40 4045 A V16-39 -24.72 -4.75 4510 A V12-18 -28.70 -34.50 2935 A RC8-93 -29.37 -105.23 3157 P V23-110 17.63 -45.87 3746 A CH96-G12 30.27 -43.32 4014 A V24-28 15.32 -77.95 2274 A RC5-12 26.58 -56.48 5104 A A167-21 29.82 -76.58 1455 A V18 BBD 2 -17.93 -154.13 800 P JOIDES Leg 7, site 62-1 1.867 141.93 2591 P Leg 7, site 64-1 -1.73 158.60 2052 P Leg 6, site 47-2 32.45 157.72 2689 P LABORTAORY AND ANALYTICAL INFORMATION Lab history Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory (LDGO) and Carnegie Institution of Washington, Geophysical Laboratory (GL CIW) Lab PI J. F. Wehmiller and P. E. Hare Preparation date 1969-1970 Pretreatment Sieve >74 µm, repeated sonication, distilled water wash (see "Sonication") AA fraction = AMINO FRACTION Hydrolysis procedure 22 or 46 hr at 110°C in 6 M HCl under N2 (see "Hydrolysis time") Bleach No Analytical method High pressure ion exchange liquid chromatography (IELC) Instrumental programming Buffer gradient; concentrations based on separate chromatograms of standards Area or height ratio Area Blank corrections none Response factors none Data screening criteria none Interlab comparisons none SAMPLE LOCATION INFORMATION Country or ocean Atlantic, Pacific State or province or sea Caribbean Locality descriptors = AREA Lat (°) = LAT (°N) Lon (°) = LON (°W) Coordinate precision Datum Elevation, m = WATER DEPTH (m) Elevation precision SAMPLE MATERIAL AND CONTEXT Material type = SAMPLE TYPE Genus Species Number of individuals Field context marine Field context core Field context stratified section Collection date Collector Wehmiller Sample PI Wehmiller Stratigraphic unit or age Numerical age = APPROX AGE, Ma Field ID = SITE NAME Field ID 1 = CORE DEPTH (cm) Field ID 2 Sample ID Fraction of shell Sample position RESULTS Lab code GL CIW Lab ID = Core, depth Number of chromatograms 1 Sample or analytical qualitsee reference AI = Alloisoleucine/Isoleucine Free field 1 = Alloisoleucine, nmole/gm Free field 2 = Isoleucine, nmole/gm Free field 3 = Hydrolysis time Free field 4 = Sonication DATA: LabCode LabNumber Ocean Area SiteName Core Depth (cm) LAT(°N) LON(°W) WaterDepth SampleType Genus Species Approx.Age(Ma) Hydrolysis Amino A/I Alloiso- Iso- Sonication Time(Hr) Fract. leucine(nM/g) GL CIW A179-4 30 Atlantic Caribbean A179-4 30 16.60 74.80 2965 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.013 22 THAA 0.042 2.7 64.8 yes GL CIW A179-4 100 Atlantic Caribbean A179-4 100 16.60 74.80 2965 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.042 22 THAA 0.096 3.8 39.7 yes GL CIW A179-4 100 Atlantic Caribbean A179-4 100 16.60 74.80 2965 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.042 46 THAA 0.093 2.6 28.2 yes GL CIW A179-4 175 Atlantic Caribbean A179-4 175 16.60 74.80 2965 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.073 22 THAA 0.114 6.2 54.2 yes GL CIW A179-4 250 Atlantic Caribbean A179-4 250 16.60 74.80 2965 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.105 22 THAA 0.172 6.5 37.8 yes GL CIW A179-4 403 Atlantic Caribbean A179-4 403 16.60 74.80 2965 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.169 22 THAA 0.204 11.3 55.4 yes GL CIW A179-4 403 Atlantic Caribbean A179-4 403 16.60 74.80 2965 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.169 46 THAA 0.195 12.8 65.6 yes GL CIW A179-4 600 Atlantic Caribbean A179-4 600 16.60 74.80 2965 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.25 22 THAA 0.377 13.3 35.2 yes GL CIW A179-4 700 Atlantic Caribbean A179-4 700 16.60 74.80 2965 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.295 22 THAA 0.368 12.9 35.1 yes GL CIW V23-110 0-1 Atlantic V23-110 0-1 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed >0 22 THAA 0.059 2.1 35.7 yes GL CIW V23-110 21-22 Atlantic V23-110 21-22 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed ~0.05 22 THAA 0.089 3.7 41.6 yes GL CIW V23-110 42-43 Atlantic V23-110 42-43 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed ~0.1 22 THAA 0.152 6.0 39.5 yes GL CIW V23-110 62-63 Atlantic V23-110 62-63 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.16 22 THAA 0.205 7.7 37.5 yes GL CIW V23-110 62-63a Atlantic V23-110 62-63 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.16 46 THAA 0.232 4.1 17.7 yes GL CIW V23-110 81-82 Atlantic V23-110 81-82 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.2 22 THAA 0.253 8.0 31.6 yes GL CIW V23-110 101-102 Atlantic V23-110 101-102 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.25 22 THAA 0.285 7.7 27.0 yes GL CIW V23-110 151-152 Atlantic V23-110 151-152 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.38 22 THAA 0.295 12.2 41.4 yes GL CIW V23-110 211-212 Atlantic V23-110 211-212 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.53 22 THAA 0.339 13.0 38.3 yes GL CIW V23-110 301-302 Atlantic V23-110 301-302 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.75 22 THAA 0.347 11.6 33.4 yes GL CIW V23-110 405-406 Atlantic V23-110 405-406 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed 1.01 22 THAA 0.383 8.2 21.4 yes GL CIW V23-110 405-406 Atlantic V23-110 405-406 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed 1.01 46 THAA 0.367 7.2 19.6 yes GL CIW V23-110 499-500 Atlantic V23-110 499-500 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed 1.24 22 THAA 0.35 10.4 29.7 yes GL CIW V23-110 591-592 Atlantic V23-110 591-592 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed 1.48 22 THAA 0.491 5.2 10.6 yes GL CIW V23-110 682-683 Atlantic V23-110 682-683 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed 1.71 22 THAA 0.459 11.8 26.0 yes GL CIW V23-110 791-792 Atlantic V23-110 791-792 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed 1.9 22 THAA 0.633 9.5 15.0 yes GL CIW V23-110 0-1f Atlantic V23-110 0-1 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed >0 0 FAA 1.30 0.4 0.3 yes GL CIW V23-110 42-43f Atlantic V23-110 42-43 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed ~0.1 0 FAA 1.13 1.7 1.5 yes GL CIW V23-110 62-63f Atlantic V23-110 62-63 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.16 0 FAA 1.00 4.1 4.1 yes GL CIW V23-110 81-82f Atlantic V23-110 81-82 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.2 0 FAA 1.10 6.2 5.7 yes GL CIW V23-110 151-152f Atlantic V23-110 151-152 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.38 0 FAA 1.04 2.7 2.6 yes GL CIW V23-110 405-406f Atlantic V23-110 405-406 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed 1.01 0 FAA 1.00 6.9 6.9 yes GL CIW V23-110 591-592f Atlantic V23-110 591-592 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed 1.48 0 FAA 0.93 1.4 1.5 yes GL CIW V23-110 791-792f Atlantic V23-110 791-792 17.63 45.87 3746 Foraminifera mixed mixed 1.9 0 FAA 0.94 1.7 1.8 yes GL CIW V12-122 41-42 Atlantic Caribbean V12-122 40-41 17.00 74.47 2730 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.017 22 THAA 0.071 5.2 72.8 yes GL CIW V12-122 98-99 Atlantic Caribbean V12-122 98-99 17.00 74.47 2730 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.041 22 THAA 0.120 8.0 66.7 yes GL CIW V12-122 98-99a Atlantic Caribbean V12-122 98-99 17.00 74.47 2730 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.041 46 THAA 0.161 7.1 44.2 yes GL CIW V12-122 290-291 Atlantic Caribbean V12-122 290-291 17.00 74.47 2730 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.121 22 THAA 0.209 11.8 56.4 yes GL CIW V12-122 290-291a Atlantic Caribbean V12-122 290-291 17.00 74.47 2730 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.121 46 THAA 0.250 15.6 62.4 yes GL CIW V12-122 464-465 Atlantic Caribbean V12-122 464-465 17.00 74.47 2730 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.193 22 THAA 0.255 8.5 34.6 yes GL CIW V12-122 505-506 Atlantic Caribbean V12-122 505-506 17.00 74.47 2730 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.21 22 THAA 0.269 10.0 37.2 yes GL CIW V12-122 551-552 Atlantic Caribbean V12-122 551-552 17.00 74.47 2730 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.23 22 THAA 0.224 10.0 44.6 yes GL CIW V12-122 650-651 Atlantic Caribbean V12-122 650-651 17.00 74.47 2730 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.271 22 THAA 0.309 12.0 38.9 yes GL CIW V12-122 745-746 Atlantic Caribbean V12-122 745-746 17.00 74.47 2730 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.31 22 THAA 0.310 8.9 28.7 yes GL CIW V12-122 850-851 Atlantic Caribbean V12-122 850-851 17.00 74.47 2730 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.355 22 THAA 0.306 7.8 25.5 yes GL CIW V12-122 950-951 Atlantic Caribbean V12-122 950-951 17.00 74.47 2730 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.395 22 THAA 0.405 11.5 28.4 yes GL CIW V12-122 1055-1056 Atlantic Caribbean V12-122 1055-1056 17.00 74.47 2730 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.438 22 THAA 0.354 10.1 28.5 yes GL CIW V12-122 1097-1098 Atlantic Caribbean V12-122 1097-1098 17.00 74.47 2730 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.456 22 THAA 0.326 11.0 33.7 yes GL CIW V12-122 40-41f Atlantic Caribbean V12-122 40-41 17.00 74.47 2730 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.017 0 FAA 0.27 0.3 1.1 yes GL CIW V12-122 505-506f Atlantic Caribbean V12-122 505-506 17.00 74.47 2730 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.21 0 FAA 0.97 6.8 7.2 yes GL CIW V12-122 650-651f Atlantic Caribbean V12-122 650-651 17.00 74.47 2730 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.271 0 FAA 0.98 7.7 7.9 yes GL CIW V12-122 850-851f Atlantic Caribbean V12-122 850-851 17.00 74.47 2730 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.355 0 FAA 1.00 7.6 7.6 yes GL CIW V12-122 1055-1056f Atlantic Caribbean V12-122 1055-1056 17.00 74.47 2730 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.438 0 FAA 1.10 9.1 8.4 yes GL CIW V16-205 375 Atlantic V16-205 375 15.40 43.40 4045 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.7 22 THAA 0.43 7.2 16.9 yes GL CIW V16-205 375 Atlantic V16-205 375 15.40 43.40 4045 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.7 22 THAA 0.46 10.5 22.4 yes GL CIW V16-205 861 Atlantic V16-205 861 15.40 43.40 4045 Foraminifera mixed mixed 1.8 22 THAA 0.609 10.2 16.8 yes GL CIW V16-39 290 Atlantic V16-39 290 -24.72 4.75 4510 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.7 22 THAA 0.387 5.6 15.4 yes GL CIW V16-39 730 Atlantic V16-39 730 -24.72 4.75 4510 Foraminifera mixed mixed 1.8 22 THAA 0.63 4.7 7.5 yes GL CIW V12-18 720 Atlantic V12-18 720 -28.70 34.50 2935 Foraminifera mixed mixed 1.8 22 THAA 0.53 3.6 6.7 yes GL CIW CH96-G12 400 Atlantic CH96-G12 400 30.27 43.32 4014 Foraminifera mixed mixed ~0.1 22 THAA 0.158 2.9 18.1 yes GL CIW V24-28 5-6 Atlantic Caribbean V24-28 5-6 15.32 77.95 2274 Foraminifera mixed mixed ~0.003 22 THAA 0.016 1.1 72.8 yes GL CIW V24-28 413-416 Atlantic Caribbean V24-28 413-416 15.32 77.95 2274 Foraminifera mixed mixed ~0.17 22 THAA 0.22 9.8 44.5 yes GL CIW V24-28 5-6f Atlantic Caribbean V24-28 5-6 15.32 77.95 2274 Foraminifera mixed mixed ~0.003 0 FAA yes GL CIW V18 BBD-2 Pacific V18 BBD-2 dredge -17.93 154.13 800 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.01 22 THAA 0.072 2.4 33.5 yes GL CIW V18 BBD-2 Pacific V18 BBD-2 dredge -17.93 154.13 800 Foraminifera mixed mixed 0.01 22 THAA 0.073 1.3 17.9 yes GL CIW RC5-12 317-320 Atlantic RC5-12 317-320 26.58 56.48 5104 Foraminifera mixed mixed ~70 22 THAA 1.33 4.6 3.4 yes GL CIW RC5-12 317-320 Atlantic RC5-12 317-320 26.58 56.48 5104 Foraminifera mixed mixed ~70 22 THAA 1.35 3.1 2.3 yes GL CIW RC5-12 317-320 Atlantic RC5-12 317-320 26.58 56.48 5104 Foraminifera mixed mixed ~70 22 THAA 0.8 1.1 1.4 no GL CIW A167-21 300 Atlantic A167-21 300 29.82 76.58 1455 Foraminifera mixed mixed ~50 22 THAA 0.74 3.6 4.9 no JOIDES GL CIW 7/62.1/12/10/80-150 Pacific Leg 7, site 62.1 Barrel 12, section 10, 80-150cm 1.867 -141.93 2591 Foraminifera mixed mixed U Upper Miocene 22 THAA 1.08 2.5 2.4 yes GL CIW 7/64.1/2/5/72-150 Pacific Leg 7, site 64.1 Barrell 2, section 5, 72-150 cm -1.73 -158.6 2052 Foraminifera mixed mixed L Middle Miocene 22 THAA 1.18 3.9 3.3 yes GL CIW 6/47.2/10/5/88-180 Pacific Leg 6, site 47.2 Barrel 10, section 5, 88-180 cm 32.45 -157.72 2689 Foraminifera mixed mixed L Paleocene 22 THAA 1.26 1.6 1.2 yes GL CIW 7/64.1/2/5/72-150f Pacific Leg 7, site 64.1 Barrell 2, section 5, 72-150 cm -1.73 -158.6 2052 Foraminifera mixed mixed L Middle Miocene 0 FAA 1.45 1.6 1.1 yes GL CIW 6/47.2/10/5/88-180f Pacific Leg 6, site 47.2 Barrel 10, section 5, 88-180 cm 32.45 -157.72 2689 Foraminifera mixed mixed L Paleocene 0 FAA 1.33 1.5 1.1 yes 2. Data as orginally published in Wehmiller and Hare ,1971: Table 2 Core and Depth(cm) Approx.Age(ma) Alloisoleucine Isoleucine A/I nmole/g nmole/g A179-4 30 0.013 2.69 64.84 0.042 100 0.042 3.82 39.72 0.096 100 0.042 2.62 28.20 0.093 175 0.073 6.15 54.20 0.114 250 0.105 6.50 37.80 0.172 403 0.169 11.30 55.40 0.204 403 0.169 12.80 65.60 0.195 600 0.25 13.27 35.22 0.377 700 0.295 12.90 35.10 0.368 V23-110 0-1 >0 2.10 35.70 0.059 21-22 ~0.05 3.70 41.60 0.089 42-43 ~0.1 6.00 39.50 0.152 62-63 0.16 7.70 37.50 0.205 62-63 0.16 4.10 17.70 0.232 hydrolyzed 46 hours 81-82 0.2 8.00 31.60 0.253 101-102 0.25 7.70 27.00 0.285 151-152 0.38 12.20 41.40 0.295 211-212 0.53 13.00 38.30 0.339 301-302 0.75 11.60 33.40 0.347 405-406 1.01 8.20 21.40 0.383 405-406 1.01 7.20 19.60 0.367 hydrolyzed 46 hours 499-500 1.24 10.40 29.70 0.35 591-592 1.48 5.20 10.60 0.491 682-683 1.71 11.80 26.00 0.459 791-792 1.9 9.50 15.00 0.633 V12-122 40-41 0.017 5.20 72.80 0.071 98-99 0.041 8.00 66.70 0.120 98-99 0.041 7.10 44.20 0.161 hydrolyzed 46 hours 290-291 0.121 11.80 56.40 0.209 290-291 0.121 15.60 62.40 0.250 hydrolyzed 46 hours 464-465 0.193 8.50 34.60 0.255 505-506 0.21 10.00 37.20 0.269 551-552 0.23 10.00 44.60 0.224 650-651 0.271 12.00 38.90 0.309 745-746 0.31 8.90 28.70 0.310 850-851 0.355 7.80 25.50 0.306 950-951 0.395 11.50 28.40 0.405 1055-1056 0.438 10.10 28.50 0.354 1097-1098 0.456 11.00 33.70 0.326 V16-205 375 0.7 7.18 16.85 0.43 375 0.7 10.45 22.41 0.46 861 1.8 10.24 16.83 0.609 V16-39 290 0.7 5.56 15.38 0.387 730 1.8 4.71 7.47 0.63 V12-18 720 1.8 3.56 6.73 0.53 CH96-G12 400 ~0.1 2.85 18.08 0.158 V24-28 5-6 ~0.003 1.13 72.78 0.016 413-416 ~0.17 9.82 44.50 0.22 V18 BBD-2 dredge 0.01 2.40 33.50 0.072 dredge 0.01 1.30 17.90 0.073 RC5-12 317-320 ~70 4.60 3.44 1.33 317-320 ~70 3.07 2.27 1.35 317-320 ~70 1.14 1.42 0.8 not subjected to ultrasonic treatment A167-21 300 ~50 3.61 4.89 0.74 not subjected to ultrasonic treatment JOIDES Leg 7, site 62.1 U Upper Miocene 2.54 2.35 1.08 Barrel 12, section 10, 80-150cm Leg 7, site 64.1 L Middle Miocene 3.90 3.30 1.18 Barrel 2, section 5, 72-150 cm Leg 6, site 47.2 L Paleocene 1.55 1.23 1.26 Barrel 10, section 5, 88-180 cm 3. Data as orginally published in Wehmiller and Hare, 1971: Table 3 Free amino acid data V23-110 0-1 >0 0.40 0.30 1.30 42-43 ~0.10 1.70 1.50 1.13 62-63 0.16 4.10 4.10 1.00 81-82 0.2 6.20 5.70 1.10 151-152 0.38 2.70 2.60 1.04 405-406 1.01 6.90 6.90 1.00 591-592 1.48 1.40 1.50 0.93 791-792 1.9 1.70 1.80 0.94 V12-122 40-41 0.017 0.30 1.10 0.27 505-506 0.21 6.80 7.20 0.97 650-651 0.271 7.70 7.90 0.98 850-851 0.355 7.60 7.60 1.00 1055-1056 0.438 9.10 8.40 1.10 V24-28 5-6 ~.003 ~.32 0.32 ~1.0 Leg 7, site 64.1 L Middle Miocene 1.60 1.10 1.45 Barrell 2, section 5, 72-150 cm Leg 6, site 47.2 L Paleocene 1.46 1.09 1.33 Barrel 10, section 5, 88-180 cm