# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1001118 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/huang2000/huang-2013-CA-015-1.txt # # Reconstruction_temperature_graph_URL: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/CA-015-1.html # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Borehole #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-07-26 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: CA-015-1 # Location: Land>America>North America # Country: Canada # Northernmost_Latitude: 51.83 # Southernmost_Latitude: 51.83 # Easternmost_Longitude: -89.60 # Westernmost_Longitude: -89.60 # Maximum Depth: 605.600 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: CA-015-1-borehole # Data contact: Kelin Wang (CA) # Date of measurement (year): 1978.9 # Estimated prior steady state GST (°C): 3 # Estimated mean conductivity (W/m/K): 2.69 # Estimated mean thermal gradient (K/km): 9 # Notes: #------------------ # Reconstruction_Temperature: # Pre-1500 baseline GST (°C): 2.822 # # Date_Century Estimated_GST_Change(°C) Notes # 16th -0.383 # 17th -0.287 # 18th -0.113 # 19th 0.191 # 20th 0.791 # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data) Depth_m Depth Below Surface , , , m, , , , ,N Temperature_Celsius Measurement Temperature , , , Celsius degree, , , , ,N notes notes , , , , , , , ,N #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - 9-blank-spaced text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: Depth_m Temperature_Celsius Notes 23.50 2.789 31.40 2.776 39.00 2.821 46.90 2.857 54.60 2.900 62.50 2.944 70.40 2.990 78.30 3.039 86.30 3.094 94.20 3.153 102.10 3.222 110.00 3.289 118.00 3.352 125.90 3.415 133.80 3.485 141.70 3.553 149.70 3.628 157.30 3.694 165.20 3.763 173.10 3.832 181.10 3.908 189.00 3.983 196.90 4.053 204.50 4.119 212.40 4.177 220.40 4.240 228.30 4.300 236.20 4.363 243.80 4.430 251.80 4.493 259.70 4.555 267.60 4.614 275.20 4.674 283.20 4.736 291.10 4.792 299.00 4.851 306.90 4.907 314.90 4.966 322.50 5.022 330.40 5.080 338.30 5.137 346.30 5.198 354.20 5.258 361.80 5.316 369.70 5.371 377.60 5.429 385.60 5.486 393.50 5.540 401.10 5.592 409.00 5.649 417.00 5.705 424.90 5.762 432.80 5.815 440.40 5.870 448.40 5.923 456.30 5.979 463.90 6.034 471.80 6.086 479.80 6.144 487.70 6.195 495.60 6.251 503.50 6.303 511.50 6.360 519.40 6.412 527.00 6.471 534.90 6.526 542.80 6.581 550.80 6.634 558.70 6.687 566.30 6.740 574.20 6.793 582.20 6.846 590.10 6.900 598.00 6.952 605.60 7.010