# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1001222 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/huang2000/huang-2013-CA-436-3.txt # # Reconstruction_temperature_graph_URL: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/CA-436-3.html # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Borehole #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-07-26 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: CA-436-3 # Location: Land>America>North America # Country: Canada # Northernmost_Latitude: 48.30 # Southernmost_Latitude: 48.30 # Easternmost_Longitude: -82.43 # Westernmost_Longitude: -82.43 # Maximum Depth: 376.700 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: CA-436-3-borehole # Data contact: Alan?M. Jessop (CA) # Date of measurement (year): 1986.73 # Estimated prior steady state GST (°C): 5 # Estimated mean conductivity (W/m/K): 3.12 # Estimated mean thermal gradient (K/km): 15 # Notes: #------------------ # Reconstruction_Temperature: # Pre-1500 baseline GST (°C): 3.388 # # Date_Century Estimated_GST_Change(°C) Notes # 16th 0.220 # 17th 0.337 # 18th 0.500 # 19th 0.598 # 20th 0.814 # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data) Depth_m Depth Below Surface , , , m, , , , ,N Temperature_Celsius Measurement Temperature , , , Celsius degree, , , , ,N notes notes , , , , , , , ,N #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - 9-blank-spaced text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: Depth_m Temperature_Celsius Notes 39.90 5.360 43.00 5.349 46.10 5.325 49.10 5.309 52.20 5.299 55.30 5.280 58.40 5.288 61.40 5.263 64.50 5.281 67.60 5.274 70.70 5.277 73.70 5.278 76.80 5.275 79.90 5.294 83.00 5.284 86.10 5.293 89.20 5.298 92.20 5.304 95.30 5.308 98.40 5.329 101.50 5.333 104.60 5.338 107.70 5.340 110.90 5.369 114.00 5.387 117.10 5.405 120.20 5.407 123.30 5.435 126.40 5.448 129.50 5.470 132.70 5.493 135.80 5.510 138.90 5.518 142.00 5.549 145.10 5.573 148.30 5.598 151.40 5.614 154.50 5.640 157.70 5.659 160.80 5.687 163.90 5.715 167.00 5.744 170.00 5.749 173.10 5.786 176.10 5.815 179.20 5.841 182.20 5.862 185.30 5.888 188.30 5.918 191.40 5.941 194.40 5.967 197.50 6.003 200.50 6.023 203.50 6.070 206.60 6.100 209.60 6.122 212.70 6.142 215.70 6.186 218.70 6.207 221.70 6.244 224.70 6.280 227.70 6.298 230.70 6.347 233.70 6.364 236.80 6.412 239.80 6.438 242.80 6.480 245.80 6.508 248.90 6.543 251.90 6.580 254.80 6.616 257.90 6.648 260.90 6.690 263.90 6.713 267.00 6.758 269.90 6.786 273.00 6.821 276.00 6.859 279.00 6.898 282.00 6.931 285.00 6.970 288.00 6.991 290.90 7.027 293.90 7.063 296.80 7.101 299.80 7.146 302.70 7.148 305.60 7.209 308.50 7.217 311.30 7.251 314.20 7.297 317.10 7.341 320.00 7.366 322.90 7.404 325.80 7.449 328.70 7.471 331.50 7.505 334.40 7.538 337.20 7.576 340.10 7.606 342.90 7.637 345.80 7.674 348.60 7.702 351.40 7.760 354.20 7.763 357.10 7.790 359.90 7.841 362.60 7.870 365.40 7.909 368.30 7.931 371.10 7.971 373.90 8.008 376.70 8.035