# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1001226 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/huang2000/huang-2013-CA-438-1.txt # # Reconstruction_temperature_graph_URL: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/CA-438-1.html # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Borehole #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-07-26 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: CA-438-1 # Location: Land>America>North America # Country: Canada # Northernmost_Latitude: 49.71 # Southernmost_Latitude: 49.71 # Easternmost_Longitude: -77.74 # Westernmost_Longitude: -77.74 # Maximum Depth: 599.800 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: CA-438-1-borehole # Data contact: Kelin Wang (CA) # Date of measurement (year): 1987.62 # Estimated prior steady state GST (°C): 4 # Estimated mean conductivity (W/m/K): 3.52 # Estimated mean thermal gradient (K/km): 10 # Notes: #------------------ # Reconstruction_Temperature: # Pre-1500 baseline GST (°C): 2.989 # # Date_Century Estimated_GST_Change(°C) Notes # 16th -0.539 # 17th -0.083 # 18th 0.249 # 19th 0.061 # 20th -0.697 # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data) Depth_m Depth Below Surface , , , m, , , , ,N Temperature_Celsius Measurement Temperature , , , Celsius degree, , , , ,N notes notes , , , , , , , ,N #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - 9-blank-spaced text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: Depth_m Temperature_Celsius Notes 20.50 3.316 23.80 3.195 27.10 3.115 30.50 3.077 33.80 3.071 37.10 3.083 40.50 3.112 43.80 3.144 47.10 3.179 50.40 3.213 53.70 3.251 56.90 3.288 60.10 3.326 63.40 3.361 66.70 3.397 69.90 3.431 73.20 3.460 76.50 3.493 79.80 3.526 83.10 3.562 86.30 3.595 89.60 3.633 92.90 3.669 96.20 3.719 99.50 3.747 102.80 3.787 106.10 3.828 109.40 3.867 112.70 3.909 116.10 3.950 119.40 3.991 122.80 4.034 126.10 4.071 129.50 4.113 132.90 4.152 136.30 4.191 139.60 4.225 143.10 4.262 146.50 4.293 149.80 4.334 153.30 4.372 156.70 4.409 160.10 4.454 163.50 4.489 166.90 4.539 170.30 4.575 173.70 4.609 177.10 4.654 180.40 4.694 183.80 4.733 187.20 4.774 190.60 4.808 194.00 4.844 197.40 4.876 200.80 4.912 204.20 4.944 207.60 4.979 211.10 5.016 214.50 5.059 217.90 5.095 221.40 5.132 224.80 5.173 228.20 5.210 231.70 5.248 235.10 5.287 238.50 5.324 242.00 5.361 245.40 5.407 248.90 5.439 252.30 5.482 255.70 5.516 259.20 5.558 262.60 5.597 266.10 5.622 269.50 5.663 273.00 5.695 276.40 5.726 279.90 5.760 283.30 5.798 286.80 5.828 290.20 5.871 293.70 5.908 297.20 5.949 300.60 5.987 304.10 6.025 307.50 6.064 311.00 6.102 314.40 6.141 317.90 6.178 321.40 6.211 324.80 6.244 328.30 6.278 331.70 6.318 335.10 6.350 338.50 6.385 341.90 6.424 345.30 6.459 348.70 6.490 352.10 6.524 355.40 6.563 358.80 6.599 362.20 6.634 365.60 6.675 369.00 6.714 372.40 6.750 375.70 6.786 379.10 6.825 382.50 6.862 385.90 6.899 389.30 6.935 392.60 6.971 396.00 7.002 399.40 7.037 402.80 7.076 406.20 7.113 409.50 7.148 412.90 7.185 416.30 7.217 419.70 7.254 423.10 7.288 426.50 7.323 429.80 7.356 433.20 7.388 436.60 7.427 440.00 7.465 443.40 7.499 446.80 7.538 450.20 7.578 453.60 7.609 457.00 7.640 460.40 7.675 463.80 7.705 467.20 7.739 470.60 7.769 474.00 7.804 477.40 7.840 480.80 7.874 484.20 7.909 487.50 7.947 490.90 7.977 494.30 8.009 497.70 8.045 501.20 8.081 504.60 8.111 508.00 8.139 511.40 8.167 514.80 8.197 518.20 8.229 521.60 8.262 525.00 8.297 528.30 8.334 531.70 8.369 535.10 8.405 538.50 8.440 541.90 8.476 545.30 8.510 548.70 8.545 552.10 8.575 555.50 8.609 559.00 8.639 562.30 8.672 565.80 8.703 569.20 8.739 572.60 8.771 576.00 8.807 579.40 8.843 582.80 8.876 586.20 8.914 589.60 8.951 593.00 8.983 596.40 9.020 599.80 9.048