# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1001227 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/huang2000/huang-2013-CA-438-2.txt # # Reconstruction_temperature_graph_URL: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/CA-438-2.html # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Borehole #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-07-26 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: CA-438-2 # Location: Land>America>North America # Country: Canada # Northernmost_Latitude: 49.78 # Southernmost_Latitude: 49.78 # Easternmost_Longitude: -77.64 # Westernmost_Longitude: -77.64 # Maximum Depth: 375.500 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: CA-438-2-borehole # Data contact: Kelin Wang (CA) # Date of measurement (year): 1987.62 # Estimated prior steady state GST (°C): 4 # Estimated mean conductivity (W/m/K): 3.52 # Estimated mean thermal gradient (K/km): 10 # Notes: #------------------ # Reconstruction_Temperature: # Pre-1500 baseline GST (°C): 2.998 # # Date_Century Estimated_GST_Change(°C) Notes # 16th -0.107 # 17th -0.163 # 18th -0.223 # 19th -0.116 # 20th 1.053 # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data) Depth_m Depth Below Surface , , , m, , , , ,N Temperature_Celsius Measurement Temperature , , , Celsius degree, , , , ,N notes notes , , , , , , , ,N #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - 9-blank-spaced text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: Depth_m Temperature_Celsius Notes 22.20 3.643 25.50 3.591 28.70 3.527 32.00 3.496 35.10 3.453 38.30 3.457 41.60 3.422 44.90 3.428 48.10 3.432 51.50 3.432 54.70 3.416 58.00 3.462 61.40 3.464 64.70 3.472 68.10 3.483 71.30 3.497 74.50 3.544 77.80 3.572 80.90 3.570 84.00 3.594 87.20 3.646 90.50 3.642 93.70 3.691 97.00 3.739 100.30 3.750 103.60 3.720 106.90 3.819 110.10 3.850 113.40 3.891 116.80 3.907 120.10 3.974 123.40 4.006 126.80 4.019 130.00 4.053 133.40 4.074 136.70 4.116 140.10 4.154 143.40 4.207 146.80 4.241 150.00 4.266 153.30 4.295 156.60 4.331 159.90 4.379 163.10 4.417 166.30 4.444 169.60 4.487 172.80 4.518 176.10 4.541 179.30 4.600 182.60 4.647 185.90 4.692 189.20 4.696 192.40 4.751 195.70 4.748 199.00 4.792 202.30 4.831 205.50 4.879 208.80 4.901 212.10 4.959 215.30 4.963 218.50 5.011 221.80 5.037 225.00 5.083 228.30 5.095 231.40 5.123 234.70 5.174 238.00 5.188 241.10 5.237 244.30 5.234 247.50 5.309 250.70 5.323 253.90 5.322 257.10 5.359 259.90 5.417 263.40 5.418 266.60 5.484 269.90 5.489 273.10 5.545 276.20 5.564 279.40 5.619 282.60 5.625 285.80 5.695 289.00 5.698 292.20 5.734 295.40 5.778 298.60 5.780 301.80 5.808 305.00 5.865 308.10 5.879 311.30 5.915 314.60 5.941 317.70 5.976 320.90 6.000 324.10 6.059 327.30 6.056 330.50 6.101 333.70 6.117 336.90 6.151 340.10 6.203 343.30 6.233 346.50 6.299 349.60 6.270 352.90 6.314 356.10 6.346 359.40 6.386 362.60 6.391 365.70 6.442 369.00 6.472 372.30 6.521 375.50 6.544