# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1000743 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/huang2000/huang-2013-DE-FalkNB3.txt # # Reconstruction_temperature_graph_URL: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/DE-FalkNB3.html # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Borehole #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-07-26 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: DE-FalkNB3 # Location: Land>Europe>Western Europe # Country: Germany # Northernmost_Latitude: 49.86 # Southernmost_Latitude: 49.86 # Easternmost_Longitude: 12.20 # Westernmost_Longitude: 12.20 # Maximum Depth: 301.100 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: DE-FalkNB3-borehole # Data contact: Christoph Clauser (DE) # Date of measurement (year): 1984 # Estimated prior steady state GST (°C): 7.8 # Estimated mean conductivity (W/m/K): 3.45 # Estimated mean thermal gradient (K/km): 21 # Notes: #------------------ # Reconstruction_Temperature: # Pre-1500 baseline GST (°C): 7.399 # # Date_Century Estimated_GST_Change(°C) Notes # 16th 0.119 # 17th 0.132 # 18th 0.137 # 19th 0.127 # 20th 0.091 # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data) Depth_m Depth Below Surface , , , m, , , , ,N Temperature_Celsius Measurement Temperature , , , Celsius degree, , , , ,N notes notes , , , , , , , ,N #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - 9-blank-spaced text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: Depth_m Temperature_Celsius Notes 21.72 8.461 23.95 8.484 26.21 8.504 29.09 8.538 31.28 8.572 33.50 8.599 35.76 8.642 37.96 8.680 40.18 8.732 42.45 8.783 44.16 8.829 47.19 8.869 49.44 8.930 51.70 8.969 53.92 9.014 56.19 9.057 58.39 9.105 60.67 9.146 62.88 9.195 65.12 9.233 68.04 9.290 70.25 9.335 72.50 9.375 74.73 9.417 76.99 9.456 79.20 9.504 81.44 9.544 83.74 9.595 86.67 9.654 88.91 9.699 91.16 9.744 93.42 9.783 95.65 9.831 97.91 9.871 100.17 9.914 102.39 9.966 104.75 10.012 107.71 10.078 109.93 10.110 112.17 10.166 114.44 10.211 116.71 10.258 118.93 10.310 121.16 10.347 123.40 10.399 126.35 10.459 128.58 10.510 130.81 10.555 133.10 10.598 135.33 10.653 137.62 10.696 139.85 10.760 142.13 10.809 144.38 10.855 147.29 10.911 149.57 10.954 151.80 11.000 154.09 11.055 156.34 11.097 158.62 11.157 160.87 11.198 163.10 11.250 166.31 11.314 168.57 11.370 170.86 11.426 173.10 11.475 175.39 11.522 177.64 11.576 179.94 11.625 182.20 11.666 184.42 11.717 187.38 11.785 189.61 11.834 191.87 11.890 194.08 11.938 196.34 11.981 198.56 12.029 200.79 12.079 203.04 12.131 205.95 12.198 208.20 12.240 210.42 12.294 212.68 12.338 214.89 12.381 217.12 12.440 219.39 12.485 221.61 12.539 223.86 12.589 226.76 12.650 229.00 12.702 231.23 12.754 233.47 12.799 235.75 12.850 237.96 12.907 240.21 12.950 242.42 13.000 244.67 13.042 247.54 13.109 249.76 13.159 251.99 13.200 254.16 13.255 256.36 13.311 258.55 13.354 260.78 13.399 262.98 13.452 266.15 13.522 268.39 13.573 270.63 13.623 272.89 13.668 275.13 13.717 277.40 13.788 279.64 13.861 281.93 13.905 284.17 13.955 286.42 14.014 289.39 14.068 291.64 14.117 293.78 14.185 295.33 14.217 296.91 14.235 298.44 14.260 299.90 14.308 301.10 14.312