# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1000755 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/huang2000/huang-2013-FI-Pyhaj.txt # # Reconstruction_temperature_graph_URL: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/FI-Pyhaj.html # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Borehole #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-07-26 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: FI-Pyhaj # Location: Land>Europe>Northern Europe # Country: Finland # Northernmost_Latitude: 63.67 # Southernmost_Latitude: 63.67 # Easternmost_Longitude: 26.08 # Westernmost_Longitude: 26.08 # Maximum Depth: 402.490 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: FI-Pyhaj-borehole # Data contact: I. Kukkonen (FI) # Date of measurement (year): 1987 # Estimated prior steady state GST (°C): 4 # Estimated mean conductivity (W/m/K): 3.46 # Estimated mean thermal gradient (K/km): 10 # Notes: #------------------ # Reconstruction_Temperature: # Pre-1500 baseline GST (°C): 3.221 # # Date_Century Estimated_GST_Change(°C) Notes # 16th 0.360 # 17th 0.402 # 18th 0.355 # 19th -0.061 # 20th -1.127 # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data) Depth_m Depth Below Surface , , , m, , , , ,N Temperature_Celsius Measurement Temperature , , , Celsius degree, , , , ,N notes notes , , , , , , , ,N #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - 9-blank-spaced text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: Depth_m Temperature_Celsius Notes 19.53 4.350 21.97 4.360 24.41 4.360 26.85 4.360 29.29 4.360 31.73 4.360 34.17 4.360 36.62 4.370 39.02 4.380 41.45 4.390 43.86 4.410 46.28 4.420 48.71 4.430 51.16 4.450 53.60 4.470 56.06 4.490 58.48 4.510 60.92 4.540 63.36 4.560 65.80 4.580 68.24 4.610 70.68 4.630 73.10 4.660 75.53 4.680 77.94 4.710 80.36 4.730 82.78 4.750 85.23 4.780 87.67 4.800 90.01 4.820 92.55 4.840 94.98 4.870 97.41 4.890 99.83 4.920 102.24 4.940 104.66 4.960 107.08 4.980 109.51 5.000 111.93 5.020 114.34 5.050 116.76 5.070 119.19 5.090 121.61 5.110 124.03 5.130 126.44 5.150 128.86 5.180 131.29 5.200 133.71 5.220 136.13 5.240 138.54 5.260 140.96 5.280 143.39 5.300 145.81 5.320 148.22 5.340 150.64 5.360 153.07 5.380 155.49 5.410 157.91 5.430 160.32 5.450 162.74 5.470 165.17 5.490 167.59 5.520 170.01 5.540 172.42 5.560 174.84 5.580 177.27 5.600 179.69 5.630 182.11 5.650 184.52 5.680 186.95 5.700 189.37 5.730 191.90 5.750 194.21 5.770 196.62 5.800 199.05 5.820 201.47 5.840 203.89 5.870 206.31 5.890 208.72 5.920 211.15 5.940 213.55 5.970 215.95 5.990 218.34 6.020 220.75 6.040 223.15 6.060 225.57 6.090 227.99 6.110 230.41 6.140 232.83 6.170 235.24 6.190 237.64 6.220 240.04 6.240 242.45 6.270 244.84 6.300 247.24 6.320 249.64 6.350 252.04 6.370 254.44 6.400 256.84 6.430 259.24 6.460 261.63 6.480 264.03 6.510 266.44 6.540 268.84 6.560 271.23 6.590 273.64 6.610 276.04 6.640 278.44 6.670 280.83 6.700 283.23 6.720 285.63 6.750 288.03 6.780 290.86 6.810 292.83 6.840 295.23 6.870 297.62 6.890 300.03 6.920 302.43 6.940 304.82 6.970 307.20 7.000 309.58 7.030 311.96 7.050 314.34 7.080 316.72 7.110 319.12 7.140 321.53 7.160 323.92 7.190 326.32 7.220 328.70 7.250 331.08 7.280 333.47 7.310 335.84 7.330 338.22 7.360 340.61 7.380 343.02 7.410 345.42 7.440 347.82 7.470 350.21 7.500 352.59 7.530 354.98 7.560 357.35 7.580 359.73 7.610 362.11 7.640 364.48 7.670 366.87 7.700 369.25 7.730 371.62 7.760 373.99 7.790 376.39 7.810 378.76 7.840 381.14 7.870 383.52 7.900 385.89 7.930 388.28 7.940 390.66 7.960 393.03 8.000 395.42 8.030 397.77 8.050 400.14 8.080 402.49 8.110