# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1000567 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/huang2000/huang-2013-IN-KPK1.txt # # Reconstruction_temperature_graph_URL: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/IN-KPK1.html # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Borehole #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-07-26 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: IN-KPK1 # Location: Land>Asia>Southern Asia # Country: India # Northernmost_Latitude: 12.70 # Southernmost_Latitude: 12.70 # Easternmost_Longitude: 80.00 # Westernmost_Longitude: 80.00 # Maximum Depth: 595.000 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: IN-KPK1-borehole # Data contact: Sukanta Roy (IN) # Date of measurement (year): 1996 # Estimated prior steady state GST (°C): 30.2 # Estimated mean conductivity (W/m/K): 2.2 # Estimated mean thermal gradient (K/km): 13.8 # Notes: #------------------ # Reconstruction_Temperature: # Pre-1500 baseline GST (°C): 29.922 # # Date_Century Estimated_GST_Change(°C) Notes # 16th 0.892 # 17th 0.332 # 18th -0.222 # 19th -0.259 # 20th 0.774 # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data) Depth_m Depth Below Surface , , , m, , , , ,N Temperature_Celsius Measurement Temperature , , , Celsius degree, , , , ,N notes notes , , , , , , , ,N #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - 9-blank-spaced text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: Depth_m Temperature_Celsius Notes 21.00 31.117 24.00 31.157 27.00 31.190 30.00 31.226 33.00 31.253 36.00 31.283 39.00 31.313 42.00 31.353 45.00 31.383 48.00 31.407 51.00 31.434 54.00 31.457 57.00 31.487 60.00 31.514 63.00 31.538 66.00 31.568 69.00 31.595 72.00 31.619 75.00 31.646 78.00 31.677 81.00 31.701 84.00 31.735 87.00 31.762 90.00 31.789 93.00 31.820 96.00 31.844 99.00 31.878 102.00 31.905 105.00 31.933 108.00 31.967 111.00 32.012 114.00 32.033 117.00 32.071 120.00 32.098 123.00 32.133 126.00 32.164 129.00 32.199 132.00 32.230 135.00 32.282 138.00 32.307 141.00 32.335 144.00 32.359 147.00 32.390 150.00 32.415 153.00 32.482 156.00 32.506 159.00 32.542 162.00 32.573 165.00 32.612 168.00 32.651 171.00 32.690 174.00 32.729 177.00 32.758 180.00 32.790 183.00 32.825 186.00 32.868 189.00 32.897 192.00 32.936 195.00 32.983 198.00 33.015 201.00 33.066 204.00 33.109 207.00 33.138 210.00 33.170 213.00 33.214 216.00 33.239 219.00 33.290 222.00 33.316 225.00 33.360 228.00 33.389 231.00 33.429 234.00 33.466 237.00 33.510 240.00 33.547 243.00 33.587 246.00 33.624 249.00 33.672 252.00 33.698 255.00 33.735 258.00 33.750 261.00 33.783 264.00 33.824 267.00 33.884 270.00 33.925 273.00 33.963 276.00 33.996 279.00 34.034 282.00 34.091 285.00 34.128 288.00 34.162 291.00 34.204 294.00 34.238 297.00 34.272 300.00 34.318 303.00 34.344 306.00 34.379 309.00 34.398 312.00 34.467 315.00 34.494 318.00 34.547 321.00 34.582 324.00 34.648 327.00 34.667 330.00 34.713 335.00 34.787 340.00 34.857 345.00 34.923 350.00 34.994 355.00 35.068 360.00 35.131 365.00 35.202 370.00 35.270 375.00 35.349 380.00 35.413 385.00 35.481 390.00 35.545 395.00 35.613 400.00 35.686 405.00 35.759 410.00 35.823 415.00 35.897 420.00 35.958 425.00 36.027 430.00 36.097 435.00 36.167 440.00 36.237 445.00 36.303 450.00 36.374 455.00 36.436 460.00 36.528 465.00 36.595 470.00 36.671 475.00 36.738 480.00 36.815 485.00 36.882 490.00 36.950 495.00 37.023 500.00 37.104 505.00 37.177 510.00 37.251 515.00 37.328 520.00 37.406 525.00 37.480 530.00 37.555 535.00 37.633 540.00 37.704 545.00 37.783 550.00 37.858 555.00 37.942 560.00 38.005 565.00 38.072 570.00 38.134 575.00 38.224 580.00 38.310 585.00 38.359 590.00 38.436 595.00 38.468