# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1000569 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/huang2000/huang-2013-IN-KPK3.txt # # Reconstruction_temperature_graph_URL: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/IN-KPK3.html # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Borehole #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-07-26 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: IN-KPK3 # Location: Land>Asia>Southern Asia # Country: India # Northernmost_Latitude: 12.70 # Southernmost_Latitude: 12.70 # Easternmost_Longitude: 80.00 # Westernmost_Longitude: 80.00 # Maximum Depth: 383.000 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: IN-KPK3-borehole # Data contact: Sukanta Roy (IN) # Date of measurement (year): 1996 # Estimated prior steady state GST (°C): 30.1 # Estimated mean conductivity (W/m/K): 2.2 # Estimated mean thermal gradient (K/km): 13.6 # Notes: #------------------ # Reconstruction_Temperature: # Pre-1500 baseline GST (°C): 29.984 # # Date_Century Estimated_GST_Change(°C) Notes # 16th 0.187 # 17th 0.286 # 18th 0.417 # 19th 0.478 # 20th 0.831 # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data) Depth_m Depth Below Surface , , , m, , , , ,N Temperature_Celsius Measurement Temperature , , , Celsius degree, , , , ,N notes notes , , , , , , , ,N #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - 9-blank-spaced text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: Depth_m Temperature_Celsius Notes 21.00 32.102 24.00 32.084 27.00 32.057 30.00 32.033 33.00 32.002 36.00 31.981 39.00 31.960 42.00 31.943 45.00 31.926 48.00 31.909 51.00 31.895 54.00 31.881 57.00 31.875 60.00 31.878 63.00 31.875 66.00 31.871 69.00 31.881 72.00 31.885 75.00 31.885 78.00 31.885 81.00 31.899 84.00 31.905 87.00 31.909 90.00 31.923 93.00 31.933 96.00 31.991 99.00 31.998 102.00 32.008 105.00 32.012 108.00 32.053 111.00 32.074 114.00 32.098 117.00 32.112 120.00 32.129 123.00 32.147 126.00 32.171 129.00 32.199 132.00 32.216 135.00 32.244 138.00 32.265 141.00 32.293 144.00 32.317 147.00 32.345 150.00 32.373 153.00 32.397 156.00 32.429 159.00 32.454 162.00 32.482 165.00 32.513 168.00 32.542 171.00 32.573 174.00 32.605 177.00 32.640 180.00 32.669 183.00 32.701 186.00 32.733 189.00 32.761 192.00 32.793 195.00 32.829 198.00 32.865 201.00 32.897 204.00 32.929 207.00 32.965 210.00 33.001 213.00 33.033 216.00 33.073 219.00 33.113 222.00 33.152 225.00 33.181 228.00 33.214 231.00 33.254 234.00 33.301 237.00 33.334 240.00 33.374 243.00 33.411 246.00 33.451 249.00 33.484 252.00 33.521 255.00 33.561 258.00 33.602 261.00 33.635 264.00 33.672 267.00 33.713 270.00 33.754 273.00 33.791 276.00 33.836 279.00 33.877 282.00 33.918 285.00 33.959 288.00 33.996 291.00 34.042 294.00 34.083 297.00 34.124 300.00 34.174 303.00 34.208 306.00 34.238 309.00 34.276 312.00 34.310 315.00 34.360 318.00 34.390 321.00 34.432 324.00 34.474 327.00 34.517 330.00 34.551 333.00 34.586 336.00 34.624 339.00 34.671 342.00 34.709 345.00 34.744 348.00 34.787 351.00 34.822 354.00 34.865 357.00 34.904 360.00 34.962 361.00 34.966 363.00 34.986 366.00 35.025 369.00 35.068 372.00 35.104 375.00 35.143 378.00 35.190 381.00 35.238 382.00 35.242 383.00 35.254