# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1000581 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/huang2000/huang-2013-JP-Chiba1.txt # # Reconstruction_temperature_graph_URL: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/JP-Chiba1.html # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Borehole #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-07-26 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: JP-Chiba1 # Location: Land>Asia>Eastern Asia # Country: Japan # Northernmost_Latitude: 35.62 # Southernmost_Latitude: 35.62 # Easternmost_Longitude: 140.13 # Westernmost_Longitude: 140.13 # Maximum Depth: 300.000 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: JP-Chiba1-borehole # Data contact: Makoto Taniguchi (JP) # Date of measurement (year): 1998.3 # Estimated prior steady state GST (°C): 14.6792 # Estimated mean conductivity (W/m/K): 1.31 # Estimated mean thermal gradient (K/km): 7.7 # Notes: #------------------ # Reconstruction_Temperature: # Pre-1500 baseline GST (°C): 14.090 # # Date_Century Estimated_GST_Change(°C) Notes # 16th 0.262 # 17th 0.219 # 18th 0.084 # 19th -0.127 # 20th 1.283 # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data) Depth_m Depth Below Surface , , , m, , , , ,N Temperature_Celsius Measurement Temperature , , , Celsius degree, , , , ,N notes notes , , , , , , , ,N #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - 9-blank-spaced text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: Depth_m Temperature_Celsius Notes 30.00 15.730 32.00 15.710 34.00 15.680 36.00 15.660 38.00 15.630 40.00 15.590 42.00 15.560 44.00 15.530 46.00 15.490 48.00 15.470 50.00 15.440 52.00 15.420 54.00 15.400 56.00 15.380 58.00 15.370 60.00 15.350 62.00 15.340 64.00 15.330 66.00 15.330 68.00 15.330 70.00 15.330 72.00 15.330 74.00 15.340 76.00 15.340 78.00 15.350 80.00 15.350 82.00 15.360 84.00 15.370 86.00 15.380 88.00 15.390 90.00 15.400 92.00 15.410 94.00 15.420 96.00 15.430 98.00 15.440 100.00 15.450 102.00 15.470 104.00 15.480 106.00 15.490 108.00 15.500 110.00 15.510 112.00 15.520 114.00 15.530 116.00 15.550 118.00 15.550 120.00 15.560 122.00 15.570 124.00 15.580 126.00 15.590 128.00 15.610 130.00 15.640 132.00 15.660 134.00 15.670 136.00 15.690 138.00 15.710 140.00 15.720 142.00 15.730 144.00 15.750 146.00 15.770 148.00 15.780 150.00 15.790 152.00 15.810 154.00 15.820 156.00 15.840 158.00 15.850 160.00 15.860 162.00 15.890 164.00 15.900 166.00 15.920 168.00 15.940 170.00 15.950 172.00 15.970 174.00 15.990 176.00 16.010 178.00 16.020 180.00 16.030 182.00 16.060 184.00 16.070 186.00 16.090 188.00 16.110 190.00 16.130 192.00 16.140 194.00 16.160 196.00 16.190 198.00 16.200 200.00 16.210 202.00 16.230 204.00 16.250 206.00 16.250 208.00 16.270 210.00 16.290 212.00 16.310 214.00 16.320 216.00 16.340 218.00 16.350 220.00 16.370 222.00 16.380 224.00 16.400 226.00 16.420 228.00 16.440 230.00 16.460 232.00 16.470 234.00 16.500 236.00 16.510 238.00 16.530 240.00 16.550 242.00 16.560 244.00 16.580 246.00 16.600 248.00 16.620 250.00 16.640 252.00 16.660 254.00 16.680 256.00 16.700 258.00 16.720 260.00 16.740 262.00 16.760 264.00 16.780 266.00 16.800 268.00 16.820 270.00 16.850 272.00 16.860 274.00 16.880 276.00 16.900 278.00 16.920 280.00 16.940 282.00 16.970 284.00 16.990 286.00 17.010 288.00 17.040 290.00 17.050 292.00 17.070 294.00 17.100 296.00 17.120 298.00 17.150 300.00 17.160