# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1000602 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/huang2000/huang-2013-JP-Tatsuta.txt # # Reconstruction_temperature_graph_URL: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/JP-Tatsuta.html # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Borehole #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-07-26 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: JP-Tatsuta # Location: Land>Asia>Eastern Asia # Country: Japan # Northernmost_Latitude: 35.28 # Southernmost_Latitude: 35.28 # Easternmost_Longitude: 136.89 # Westernmost_Longitude: 136.89 # Maximum Depth: 284.000 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: JP-Tatsuta-borehole # Data contact: Makoto Taniguchi (JP) # Date of measurement (year): 1993.09 # Estimated prior steady state GST (°C): 15.7448 # Estimated mean conductivity (W/m/K): 2 # Estimated mean thermal gradient (K/km): 23.8 # Notes: #------------------ # Reconstruction_Temperature: # Pre-1500 baseline GST (°C): 15.430 # # Date_Century Estimated_GST_Change(°C) Notes # 16th 0.654 # 17th 0.483 # 18th -0.073 # 19th -1.339 # 20th 0.188 # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data) Depth_m Depth Below Surface , , , m, , , , ,N Temperature_Celsius Measurement Temperature , , , Celsius degree, , , , ,N notes notes , , , , , , , ,N #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - 9-blank-spaced text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: Depth_m Temperature_Celsius Notes 8.00 16.010 10.00 16.020 12.00 16.070 14.00 16.120 16.00 16.160 18.00 16.190 20.00 16.210 22.00 16.240 24.00 16.280 26.00 16.310 28.00 16.340 30.00 16.380 32.00 16.430 34.00 16.490 36.00 16.530 38.00 16.570 40.00 16.600 42.00 16.650 44.00 16.700 46.00 16.740 48.00 16.800 50.00 16.840 52.00 16.870 54.00 16.910 56.00 16.960 58.00 16.990 60.00 17.030 62.00 17.070 64.00 17.120 66.00 17.140 68.00 17.190 70.00 17.240 72.00 17.290 74.00 17.320 76.00 17.380 78.00 17.430 80.00 17.490 82.00 17.560 84.00 17.630 86.00 17.710 88.00 17.760 90.00 17.850 92.00 17.890 94.00 17.950 96.00 18.000 98.00 18.050 100.00 18.110 102.00 18.170 104.00 18.220 106.00 18.280 108.00 18.320 110.00 18.380 112.00 18.420 114.00 18.460 116.00 18.510 118.00 18.570 120.00 18.610 122.00 18.670 124.00 18.730 126.00 18.780 128.00 18.850 130.00 18.910 132.00 18.970 134.00 19.030 136.00 19.080 138.00 19.150 140.00 19.220 142.00 19.280 144.00 19.350 146.00 19.410 148.00 19.460 150.00 19.490 152.00 19.570 154.00 19.620 156.00 19.670 158.00 19.700 160.00 19.730 162.00 19.770 164.00 19.800 166.00 19.820 168.00 19.850 170.00 19.880 172.00 19.920 174.00 19.950 176.00 19.990 178.00 20.020 180.00 20.060 182.00 20.100 184.00 20.150 186.00 20.190 188.00 20.240 190.00 20.280 192.00 20.320 194.00 20.370 196.00 20.420 198.00 20.460 200.00 20.500 202.00 20.550 204.00 20.600 206.00 20.650 208.00 20.700 210.00 20.740 212.00 20.790 214.00 20.820 216.00 20.880 218.00 20.930 220.00 20.990 222.00 21.040 224.00 21.100 226.00 21.170 228.00 21.220 230.00 21.260 232.00 21.320 234.00 21.380 236.00 21.430 238.00 21.480 240.00 21.530 242.00 21.570 244.00 21.620 246.00 21.670 248.00 21.710 250.00 21.740 252.00 21.790 254.00 21.830 256.00 21.880 258.00 21.910 260.00 21.970 262.00 22.020 264.00 22.090 266.00 22.140 268.00 22.210 270.00 22.260 272.00 22.320 274.00 22.370 276.00 22.440 278.00 22.480 280.00 22.530 282.00 22.590 284.00 22.640