# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1000603 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/huang2000/huang-2013-JP-TochigiFujioka.txt # # Reconstruction_temperature_graph_URL: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/JP-TochigiFujioka.html # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Borehole #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-07-26 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: JP-TochigiFujioka # Location: Land>Asia>Eastern Asia # Country: Japan # Northernmost_Latitude: 36.26 # Southernmost_Latitude: 36.26 # Easternmost_Longitude: 139.65 # Westernmost_Longitude: 139.65 # Maximum Depth: 246.000 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: JP-TochigiFujioka-borehole # Data contact: Makoto Taniguchi (JP) # Date of measurement (year): 2000.2 # Estimated prior steady state GST (°C): 15.352 # Estimated mean conductivity (W/m/K): 1.96 # Estimated mean thermal gradient (K/km): 39.5 # Notes: #------------------ # Reconstruction_Temperature: # Pre-1500 baseline GST (°C): 17.900 # # Date_Century Estimated_GST_Change(°C) Notes # 16th -0.567 # 17th -0.781 # 18th -1.112 # 19th -1.356 # 20th 1.063 # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data) Depth_m Depth Below Surface , , , m, , , , ,N Temperature_Celsius Measurement Temperature , , , Celsius degree, , , , ,N notes notes , , , , , , , ,N #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - 9-blank-spaced text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: Depth_m Temperature_Celsius Notes 28.00 16.790 30.00 16.820 32.00 16.840 34.00 16.880 36.00 16.910 38.00 16.950 40.00 17.000 42.00 17.060 44.00 17.110 46.00 17.140 48.00 17.220 50.00 17.260 52.00 17.340 54.00 17.430 56.00 17.510 58.00 17.570 60.00 17.660 62.00 17.730 64.00 17.810 66.00 17.880 68.00 17.960 70.00 18.020 72.00 18.160 74.00 18.220 76.00 18.310 78.00 18.390 80.00 18.460 82.00 18.530 84.00 18.630 86.00 18.700 88.00 18.780 90.00 18.870 92.00 18.970 94.00 19.050 96.00 19.120 98.00 19.220 100.00 19.290 102.00 19.390 104.00 19.460 106.00 19.550 108.00 19.630 110.00 19.730 112.00 19.800 114.00 19.900 116.00 19.990 118.00 20.070 120.00 20.160 122.00 20.270 124.00 20.350 126.00 20.420 128.00 20.540 130.00 20.610 132.00 20.710 134.00 20.810 136.00 20.910 138.00 21.000 140.00 21.060 142.00 21.210 144.00 21.270 146.00 21.360 148.00 21.480 150.00 21.560 152.00 21.620 154.00 21.730 156.00 21.800 158.00 21.860 160.00 21.920 162.00 21.990 164.00 22.040 166.00 22.090 168.00 22.150 170.00 22.210 172.00 22.280 174.00 22.340 176.00 22.430 178.00 22.510 180.00 22.580 182.00 22.640 184.00 22.720 186.00 22.780 188.00 22.850 190.00 22.920 192.00 22.980 194.00 23.050 196.00 23.120 198.00 23.200 200.00 23.270 202.00 23.340 204.00 23.410 206.00 23.480 208.00 23.540 210.00 23.600 212.00 23.660 214.00 23.730 216.00 23.800 218.00 23.890 220.00 23.970 222.00 24.040 224.00 24.110 226.00 24.190 228.00 24.250 230.00 24.330 232.00 24.420 234.00 24.500 236.00 24.570 238.00 24.650 240.00 24.730 242.00 24.810 244.00 24.910 246.00 24.980