# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1000799 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/huang2000/huang-2013-RU-Belor98.txt # # Reconstruction_temperature_graph_URL: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/RU-Belor98.html # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Borehole #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-07-26 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: RU-Belor98 # Location: Land>Europe>Eastern Europe # Country: Russia (Russian Federation) # Northernmost_Latitude: 51.00 # Southernmost_Latitude: 51.00 # Easternmost_Longitude: 82.92 # Westernmost_Longitude: 82.92 # Maximum Depth: 446.310 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: RU-Belor98-borehole # Data contact: Albert D. Duchkov (RU) # Date of measurement (year): 1990 # Estimated prior steady state GST (°C): 5 # Estimated mean conductivity (W/m/K): 2.1 # Estimated mean thermal gradient (K/km): 20 # Notes: #------------------ # Reconstruction_Temperature: # Pre-1500 baseline GST (°C): 4.285 # # Date_Century Estimated_GST_Change(°C) Notes # 16th 0.550 # 17th 0.318 # 18th 0.056 # 19th -0.070 # 20th -0.233 # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data) Depth_m Depth Below Surface , , , m, , , , ,N Temperature_Celsius Measurement Temperature , , , Celsius degree, , , , ,N notes notes , , , , , , , ,N #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - 9-blank-spaced text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: Depth_m Temperature_Celsius Notes 62.67 6.090 66.67 6.120 71.06 6.140 75.05 6.200 79.04 6.280 83.03 6.370 87.03 6.430 91.02 6.490 95.01 6.560 99.00 6.640 102.99 6.710 106.99 6.770 110.98 6.840 114.97 6.890 118.96 6.940 122.95 7.020 126.95 7.080 130.94 7.160 134.93 7.220 138.92 7.300 142.91 7.350 146.91 7.400 150.90 7.470 154.89 7.520 158.88 7.580 162.87 7.640 166.87 7.700 170.86 7.780 174.85 7.850 178.84 7.920 182.83 7.970 186.83 8.040 190.82 8.140 194.81 8.200 198.80 8.270 202.79 8.320 206.79 8.400 210.78 8.480 214.77 8.540 218.76 8.600 222.75 8.660 226.75 8.730 230.74 8.800 234.73 8.860 238.72 8.940 242.71 9.020 246.71 9.090 250.70 9.190 254.69 9.270 258.68 9.340 262.67 9.420 266.67 9.500 270.66 9.580 274.65 9.660 278.64 9.740 282.63 9.800 286.63 9.880 290.62 9.980 294.61 10.030 298.60 10.090 302.59 10.150 306.59 10.210 310.58 10.280 314.57 10.340 318.56 10.400 322.55 10.460 326.55 10.520 330.54 10.600 334.53 10.660 338.52 10.720 342.51 10.790 346.51 10.870 350.50 10.970 354.49 11.050 358.48 11.120 362.48 11.190 366.47 11.270 370.46 11.360 374.45 11.430 378.44 11.490 382.44 11.570 386.43 11.620 390.42 11.700 394.41 11.780 398.40 11.860 402.40 11.930 406.39 12.020 410.38 12.100 414.37 12.180 418.36 12.260 422.36 12.340 426.35 12.440 430.34 12.570 434.33 12.680 438.32 12.760 442.32 12.840 446.31 12.890