# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1001079 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/huang2000/huang-2013-UK-BENNACHIE.txt # # Reconstruction_temperature_graph_URL: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/UK-BENNACHIE.html # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Borehole #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-07-26 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: UK-BENNACHIE # Location: Land>Europe>Northern Europe # Country: United Kingdom # Northernmost_Latitude: 57.28 # Southernmost_Latitude: 57.28 # Easternmost_Longitude: -2.55 # Westernmost_Longitude: -2.55 # Maximum Depth: 282.750 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: UK-BENNACHIE-borehole # Data contact: Keith E. Rollin (UK) # Date of measurement (year): 1982.5 # Estimated prior steady state GST (°C): 8.1 # Estimated mean conductivity (W/m/K): 3.53 # Estimated mean thermal gradient (K/km): 21.5297 # Notes: #------------------ # Reconstruction_Temperature: # Pre-1500 baseline GST (°C): 7.116 # # Date_Century Estimated_GST_Change(°C) Notes # 16th -0.016 # 17th -0.038 # 18th -0.083 # 19th -0.151 # 20th -0.193 # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data) Depth_m Depth Below Surface , , , m, , , , ,N Temperature_Celsius Measurement Temperature , , , Celsius degree, , , , ,N notes notes , , , , , , , ,N #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - 9-blank-spaced text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: Depth_m Temperature_Celsius Notes 79.53 8.670 82.59 8.730 85.64 8.800 88.70 8.870 91.76 8.940 94.82 9.010 97.88 9.080 100.94 9.150 104.00 9.220 107.06 9.290 110.11 9.360 113.17 9.430 116.23 9.500 119.29 9.570 122.35 9.640 125.41 9.710 128.47 9.780 131.53 9.840 134.58 9.910 137.64 9.990 140.70 10.050 143.76 10.120 146.82 10.190 149.88 10.260 152.94 10.320 156.00 10.390 159.05 10.460 162.11 10.530 165.17 10.590 168.23 10.660 171.29 10.720 174.35 10.790 177.41 10.860 180.47 10.930 183.52 11.000 186.58 11.060 189.64 11.130 192.70 11.190 195.76 11.260 198.82 11.330 201.88 11.390 204.94 11.460 207.99 11.520 211.05 11.590 214.11 11.660 217.17 11.720 220.23 11.780 223.29 11.840 226.35 11.910 229.41 11.970 232.46 12.040 235.52 12.100 238.58 12.170 241.64 12.240 244.70 12.300 247.76 12.370 250.82 12.440 253.88 12.500 256.93 12.570 259.99 12.630 263.05 12.700 266.11 12.770 269.17 12.840 272.23 12.910 275.29 12.970 278.34 13.040 281.40 13.110 282.75 13.140