# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1001080 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/huang2000/huang-2013-UK-CAIRNGORM.txt # # Reconstruction_temperature_graph_URL: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/UK-CAIRNGORM.html # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Borehole #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-07-26 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: UK-CAIRNGORM # Location: Land>Europe>Northern Europe # Country: United Kingdom # Northernmost_Latitude: 57.14 # Southernmost_Latitude: 57.14 # Easternmost_Longitude: -3.67 # Westernmost_Longitude: -3.67 # Maximum Depth: 282.810 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: UK-CAIRNGORM-borehole # Data contact: Keith E. Rollin (UK) # Date of measurement (year): 1982.5 # Estimated prior steady state GST (°C): 5.8 # Estimated mean conductivity (W/m/K): 3.52 # Estimated mean thermal gradient (K/km): 19.8864 # Notes: #------------------ # Reconstruction_Temperature: # Pre-1500 baseline GST (°C): 5.095 # # Date_Century Estimated_GST_Change(°C) Notes # 16th -0.052 # 17th -0.036 # 18th 0.019 # 19th 0.165 # 20th 0.359 # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data) Depth_m Depth Below Surface , , , m, , , , ,N Temperature_Celsius Measurement Temperature , , , Celsius degree, , , , ,N notes notes , , , , , , , ,N #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - 9-blank-spaced text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: Depth_m Temperature_Celsius Notes 21.40 5.740 24.46 5.770 27.52 5.810 30.58 5.860 33.63 5.920 36.69 5.980 39.75 6.040 42.81 6.100 45.86 6.150 48.92 6.210 51.98 6.270 55.04 6.330 58.09 6.390 61.15 6.450 64.21 6.510 67.27 6.560 70.32 6.610 73.38 6.670 76.44 6.730 79.50 6.780 82.55 6.840 85.61 6.900 88.67 6.960 91.73 7.020 94.78 7.070 97.84 7.130 100.90 7.190 103.96 7.250 107.01 7.310 110.07 7.370 113.13 7.430 116.19 7.490 119.24 7.550 122.30 7.600 125.36 7.670 128.42 7.730 131.47 7.790 134.53 7.860 137.59 7.920 140.65 7.980 143.70 8.040 146.76 8.100 149.82 8.170 152.88 8.230 155.93 8.290 158.99 8.360 162.05 8.420 165.11 8.480 168.16 8.540 171.22 8.610 174.28 8.670 177.34 8.730 180.39 8.790 183.45 8.860 186.51 8.920 189.57 8.980 192.62 9.050 195.68 9.170 198.74 9.170 201.80 9.240 204.85 9.300 207.91 9.370 210.97 9.430 214.03 9.490 217.08 9.550 220.14 9.610 223.20 9.680 226.26 9.740 229.31 9.810 232.37 9.870 235.43 9.930 238.49 9.990 241.54 10.060 244.60 10.120 247.66 10.180 250.72 10.250 253.77 10.310 256.83 10.370 259.89 10.430 262.95 10.500 266.00 10.560 269.06 10.620 272.12 10.680 275.18 10.750 278.23 10.810 281.29 10.870 282.81 10.900