# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1001085 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/huang2000/huang-2013-UK-CREWE.txt # # Reconstruction_temperature_graph_URL: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/UK-CREWE.html # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Borehole #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-07-26 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: UK-CREWE # Location: Land>Europe>Northern Europe # Country: United Kingdom # Northernmost_Latitude: 53.09 # Southernmost_Latitude: 53.09 # Easternmost_Longitude: -2.47 # Westernmost_Longitude: -2.47 # Maximum Depth: 296.190 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: UK-CREWE-borehole # Data contact: Keith E. Rollin (UK) # Date of measurement (year): 1983.5 # Estimated prior steady state GST (°C): 10.8 # Estimated mean conductivity (W/m/K): 1.86 # Estimated mean thermal gradient (K/km): 30.6452 # Notes: #------------------ # Reconstruction_Temperature: # Pre-1500 baseline GST (°C): 10.668 # # Date_Century Estimated_GST_Change(°C) Notes # 16th -0.339 # 17th -0.421 # 18th -0.504 # 19th -0.382 # 20th 0.940 # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data) Depth_m Depth Below Surface , , , m, , , , ,N Temperature_Celsius Measurement Temperature , , , Celsius degree, , , , ,N notes notes , , , , , , , ,N #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - 9-blank-spaced text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: Depth_m Temperature_Celsius Notes 21.72 10.580 24.82 10.650 27.93 10.720 31.03 10.780 34.13 10.840 37.24 10.910 40.34 10.990 43.44 11.070 46.55 11.160 49.65 11.230 52.75 11.330 55.86 11.430 58.96 11.520 62.06 11.600 65.16 11.690 68.27 11.790 71.37 11.870 74.47 11.980 77.58 12.100 80.68 12.210 83.78 12.300 86.89 12.410 89.99 12.500 93.09 12.620 96.19 12.730 99.30 12.820 102.40 12.930 105.50 13.030 108.61 13.140 111.71 13.250 114.81 13.360 117.92 13.450 121.02 13.560 124.12 13.670 127.23 13.770 130.33 13.860 133.43 13.960 136.53 14.070 139.64 14.170 142.74 14.270 145.84 14.370 148.95 14.490 152.05 14.590 155.15 14.700 158.26 14.790 161.36 14.890 164.46 15.010 167.57 15.110 170.67 15.220 173.77 15.330 176.87 15.430 179.98 15.540 183.08 15.630 186.18 15.720 189.29 15.810 192.39 15.910 195.49 16.010 198.60 16.090 201.70 16.180 204.80 16.260 207.91 16.350 211.01 16.450 214.11 16.540 217.21 16.630 220.32 16.710 223.42 16.810 226.52 16.900 229.63 17.010 232.73 17.100 235.83 17.210 238.94 17.300 242.04 17.410 245.14 17.490 248.24 17.570 251.35 17.670 254.45 17.780 257.55 17.870 260.66 17.970 263.76 18.060 266.86 18.150 269.97 18.240 273.07 18.340 276.17 18.420 279.28 18.520 282.38 18.610 285.48 18.700 288.58 18.780 291.69 18.870 294.79 18.950 296.19 18.990