# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1001092 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/huang2000/huang-2013-UK-SKIDDAW.txt # # Reconstruction_temperature_graph_URL: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/UK-SKIDDAW.html # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Borehole #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-07-26 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: UK-SKIDDAW # Location: Land>Europe>Northern Europe # Country: United Kingdom # Northernmost_Latitude: 54.67 # Southernmost_Latitude: 54.67 # Easternmost_Longitude: -3.06 # Westernmost_Longitude: -3.06 # Maximum Depth: 265.000 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: UK-SKIDDAW-borehole # Data contact: Keith E. Rollin (UK) # Date of measurement (year): 1982.5 # Estimated prior steady state GST (°C): 8.5 # Estimated mean conductivity (W/m/K): 3.5 # Estimated mean thermal gradient (K/km): 28.8571 # Notes: #------------------ # Reconstruction_Temperature: # Pre-1500 baseline GST (°C): 7.979 # # Date_Century Estimated_GST_Change(°C) Notes # 16th -0.098 # 17th -0.089 # 18th -0.035 # 19th 0.165 # 20th 0.472 # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data) Depth_m Depth Below Surface , , , m, , , , ,N Temperature_Celsius Measurement Temperature , , , Celsius degree, , , , ,N notes notes , , , , , , , ,N #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - 9-blank-spaced text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: Depth_m Temperature_Celsius Notes 21.11 8.380 24.12 8.550 27.14 8.700 30.15 8.840 33.17 8.970 36.18 9.100 39.20 9.220 42.21 9.330 45.23 9.440 48.24 9.550 51.26 9.660 54.27 9.760 57.29 9.870 60.30 9.970 63.32 10.070 66.33 10.170 69.35 10.280 72.36 10.380 75.38 10.480 78.39 10.580 81.41 10.680 84.42 10.780 87.44 10.880 90.45 10.980 93.47 11.080 96.48 11.180 99.50 11.280 102.51 11.380 105.53 11.490 108.54 11.580 111.56 11.690 114.57 11.790 117.59 11.890 120.60 12.010 123.62 12.110 126.63 12.220 129.65 12.300 132.66 12.400 135.68 12.480 138.69 12.630 141.71 12.640 144.72 12.810 147.74 12.920 150.75 13.010 153.77 13.160 156.78 13.250 159.80 13.320 162.81 13.420 165.83 13.550 168.84 13.610 171.86 13.700 174.87 13.810 177.89 13.920 180.90 14.020 183.92 14.240 186.94 14.270 189.95 14.400 192.97 14.450 195.98 14.630 199.00 14.670 202.01 14.770 205.03 14.860 208.04 14.940 211.06 15.060 214.07 15.140 217.09 15.290 220.10 15.390 223.12 15.490 226.13 15.590 229.15 15.690 232.16 15.800 235.18 15.900 238.19 16.000 241.21 16.100 244.22 16.210 247.24 16.300 250.25 16.410 253.27 16.510 256.28 16.600 259.30 16.700 262.31 16.800 265.00 16.900