# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1001095 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/huang2000/huang-2013-UK-TYDD.txt # # Reconstruction_temperature_graph_URL: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/UK-TYDD.html # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Borehole #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-07-26 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: UK-TYDD # Location: Land>Europe>Northern Europe # Country: United Kingdom # Northernmost_Latitude: 52.74 # Southernmost_Latitude: 52.74 # Easternmost_Longitude: .12 # Westernmost_Longitude: .12 # Maximum Depth: 294.210 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: UK-TYDD-borehole # Data contact: Keith E. Rollin (UK) # Date of measurement (year): 1983.5 # Estimated prior steady state GST (°C): 10.5 # Estimated mean conductivity (W/m/K): 1.25 # Estimated mean thermal gradient (K/km): 45.6 # Notes: #------------------ # Reconstruction_Temperature: # Pre-1500 baseline GST (°C): 7.574 # # Date_Century Estimated_GST_Change(°C) Notes # 16th 0.626 # 17th 0.620 # 18th 0.488 # 19th 0.157 # 20th 0.134 # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data) Depth_m Depth Below Surface , , , m, , , , ,N Temperature_Celsius Measurement Temperature , , , Celsius degree, , , , ,N notes notes , , , , , , , ,N #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - 9-blank-spaced text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: Depth_m Temperature_Celsius Notes 52.71 11.690 55.81 11.820 58.91 11.930 62.01 12.050 65.11 12.170 68.21 12.300 71.31 12.420 74.41 12.550 77.51 12.700 80.61 12.850 83.72 12.980 86.82 13.120 89.92 13.250 93.02 13.380 96.12 13.500 99.22 13.640 102.32 13.770 105.42 13.890 108.52 14.040 111.62 14.180 114.72 14.330 117.82 14.490 120.92 14.640 124.02 14.800 127.12 14.970 130.22 15.050 133.32 15.160 136.42 15.300 139.53 15.390 142.63 15.510 145.73 15.580 148.83 15.670 151.93 15.840 155.03 16.020 158.13 16.230 161.23 16.410 164.33 16.580 167.43 16.750 170.53 16.950 173.63 17.150 176.73 17.320 179.83 17.500 182.93 17.620 186.03 17.690 189.13 17.790 192.23 17.940 195.34 18.110 198.44 18.270 201.54 18.420 204.64 18.560 207.74 18.720 210.84 18.860 213.94 18.980 217.04 19.100 220.14 19.230 223.24 19.350 226.34 19.500 229.44 19.640 232.54 19.810 235.64 19.970 238.74 20.120 241.84 20.230 244.94 20.360 248.04 20.520 251.15 20.710 254.25 20.880 257.35 21.060 260.45 21.240 263.55 21.400 266.65 21.580 269.75 21.730 272.85 21.880 275.95 22.060 279.05 22.230 282.15 22.410 285.25 22.580 288.35 22.740 291.45 22.910 294.21 23.060