# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - AU-08BKWD0027 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1004829 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/AU-08BKWD0027.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - AU-08BKWD0027 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: AU-08BKWD0027 # Location: Australia # Northernmost_Latitude: -31.3587 # Southernmost_Latitude: -31.3587 # Easternmost_Longitude: 121.4971 # Westernmost_Longitude: 121.4971 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: AU-08BKWD0027-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 2011 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: Weber RD (AU) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 21.04 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th -0.286 # 17th -0.298 # 18th -0.144 # 19th 0.321 # 20th 0.949 # Date of logging (Year): 2010.417 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 3.10 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 10.16 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 45.00 21.299 50.00 21.358 55.00 21.412 60.00 21.469 65.00 21.527 70.00 21.591 75.00 21.648 80.00 21.691 85.00 21.730 90.00 21.780 95.00 21.826 100.00 21.879 105.00 21.930 110.00 21.971 115.00 22.010 120.00 22.052 125.00 22.103 130.00 22.161 135.00 22.212 140.00 22.264 145.00 22.317 150.00 22.377 155.00 22.425 160.00 22.485 165.00 22.547 170.00 22.601 175.00 22.656 180.00 22.708 185.00 22.766 190.00 22.829 195.00 22.885 200.00 22.935 205.00 22.993 210.00 23.051 215.00 23.098 220.00 23.138 225.00 23.213 230.00 23.296 235.00 23.381 240.00 23.468 245.00 23.521 250.00 23.556 255.00 23.597 260.00 23.641 265.00 23.691 270.00 23.746 275.00 23.801 280.00 23.847 285.00 23.893 290.00 23.948 295.00 24.004 300.00 24.062 305.00 24.127 310.00 24.195 315.00 24.260 320.00 24.309 325.00 24.357 330.00 24.404 335.00 24.446 340.00 24.492 345.00 24.537 350.00 24.581 355.00 24.624 360.00 24.669 365.00 24.717 370.00 24.766 375.00 24.813 380.00 24.861 385.00 24.914 390.00 24.962 395.00 25.012 400.00 25.061 405.00 25.111 410.00 25.162 415.00 25.214 420.00 25.271 425.00 25.326 430.00 25.380 435.00 25.434 440.00 25.492 445.00 25.554 450.00 25.625 455.00 25.697 460.00 25.747 465.00 25.819 470.00 25.858 475.00 25.891 480.00 25.946 485.00 25.986 490.00 26.030 495.00 26.083