# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - AU-10MMDD003 (1973) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/2282021 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/AU-10MMDD003.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - AU-10MMDD003 (1973) #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------- # Description_Keywords_and_Notes # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: AU-10MMDD003 # Location: Australia # Northernmost_Latitude: -31.0384 # Southernmost_Latitude: -31.0384 # Easternmost_Longitude: 121.9401 # Westernmost_Longitude: 121.9401 # Elevation: #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: AU-10MMDD003-1973-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1973 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: Weber RD (AU) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 20.20 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th 0.179 # 17th 0.241 # 18th 0.323 # 19th 0.372 # 20th 0.465 # Date of logging (Year): 1972.51 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.72 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 13.54 #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #-------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-nine components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas subsurface temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #-------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NaN depth_m temp_meas 53.34 29.810 60.96 29.910 68.58 30.010 76.20 30.120 83.82 30.250 91.44 30.360 99.06 30.480 106.68 30.630 114.30 30.740 121.92 30.840 129.54 30.940 137.16 31.020 144.78 31.130 152.40 31.240 160.02 31.350 167.64 31.570 175.26 31.710 182.88 31.830 190.50 31.970 198.12 32.120 205.74 32.250 213.36 32.390 220.98 32.530 228.60 32.670 22.86 18.435 30.48 18.452 38.10 18.476 45.72 18.507 53.34 18.546 60.96 18.610 68.58 18.679 76.20 18.731 83.82 18.787 91.44 18.854 99.06 18.916 106.68 18.998 114.30 19.085 121.92 19.189 129.54 19.319 137.16 19.454 144.78 19.598 152.40 19.778 160.02 19.934 167.64 20.095 175.26 20.259 182.88 20.436 190.50 20.610 198.12 20.763 205.74 20.930 213.36 21.122 220.98 21.318 228.60 21.530 236.22 21.813 243.84 22.056 251.46 22.292 259.08 22.559 266.70 22.765 274.32 23.004 281.94 23.228 289.56 23.454 297.18 23.641 304.80 23.884 312.42 24.104 320.04 24.363 327.66 24.536 335.28 24.729 342.90 24.930 350.52 25.135 358.14 25.322 365.76 25.522 373.38 25.710 381.00 25.928 388.62 26.137 396.24 26.342 403.86 26.569 411.48 26.763 419.10 26.965 426.72 27.156 434.34 27.318 441.96 27.621 449.58 27.721