# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - AU-CMRD076 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1004841 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/AU-CMRD076.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - AU-CMRD076 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: AU-CMRD076 # Location: Australia # Northernmost_Latitude: -29.9517 # Southernmost_Latitude: -29.9517 # Easternmost_Longitude: 151.0232 # Westernmost_Longitude: 151.0232 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: AU-CMRD076-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 2010 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: Gerner EJ (AU) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 17.59 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th 0.035 # 17th -0.102 # 18th -0.297 # 19th -0.360 # 20th 0.401 # Date of logging (Year): 2009.847 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 3.05 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 25.66 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 50.00 18.729 55.00 18.817 60.00 18.910 65.00 19.016 70.00 19.131 75.00 19.250 80.00 19.383 85.00 19.519 90.00 19.653 95.00 19.787 100.00 19.919 105.00 20.062 110.00 20.207 115.00 20.344 120.00 20.486 125.00 20.624 130.00 20.762 135.00 20.900 140.00 21.041 145.00 21.181 150.00 21.322 155.00 21.458 160.00 21.597 165.00 21.731 170.00 21.867 175.00 22.008 180.00 22.138 185.00 22.274 190.00 22.403 195.00 22.537 200.00 22.667 205.00 22.801 210.00 22.937 215.00 23.072 220.00 23.195 225.00 23.334 230.00 23.468 235.00 23.596 240.00 23.733 245.00 23.837 250.00 23.992 255.00 24.121 260.00 24.245 265.00 24.372 270.00 24.500 275.00 24.628 280.00 24.755 285.00 24.883 290.00 25.010 295.00 25.139 300.00 25.267 305.00 25.394 310.00 25.525 315.00 25.651 320.00 25.777 325.00 25.907 330.00 26.037 335.00 26.167 340.00 26.295 345.00 26.422 350.00 26.549 355.00 26.681 360.00 26.811 365.00 26.947 370.00 27.076 375.00 27.207 380.00 27.340 385.00 27.468 390.00 27.598 395.00 27.730 400.00 27.862 405.00 27.993 410.00 28.125 415.00 28.250 420.00 28.377 425.00 28.502 430.00 28.632 435.00 28.763 440.00 28.887 445.00 29.023 450.00 29.147 455.00 29.272 460.00 29.404 465.00 29.527 470.00 29.653 475.00 29.779 480.00 29.907 485.00 30.032 490.00 30.153 495.00 30.277 500.00 30.404