# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - AU-TD11961T #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1004856 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/AU-TD11961T.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - AU-TD11961T #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: AU-TD11961T # Location: Australia # Northernmost_Latitude: -31.3999 # Southernmost_Latitude: -31.3999 # Easternmost_Longitude: 121.8196 # Westernmost_Longitude: 121.8196 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: AU-TD11961T-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 2011 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: Weber RD (AU) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 22.13 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th 0.672 # 17th 0.356 # 18th -0.206 # 19th -0.746 # 20th -0.233 # Date of logging (Year): 2010.306 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 5.54 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 8.44 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 20.00 23.077 25.00 23.092 30.00 23.099 35.00 23.111 40.00 23.101 45.00 22.945 50.00 22.868 55.00 22.961 60.00 22.996 65.00 22.963 70.00 22.984 75.00 23.027 80.00 23.081 85.00 23.102 90.00 23.134 95.00 23.192 100.00 23.249 105.00 23.306 110.00 23.360 115.00 23.417 120.00 23.444 125.00 23.434 130.00 23.389 135.00 23.395 140.00 23.453 145.00 23.523 150.00 23.595 155.00 23.656 160.00 23.703 165.00 23.755 170.00 23.800 175.00 23.840 180.00 23.875 185.00 23.918 190.00 23.955 195.00 23.987 200.00 24.022 205.00 24.056 210.00 24.092 215.00 24.128 220.00 24.169 225.00 24.187 230.00 24.211 235.00 24.248 240.00 24.278 245.00 24.325 250.00 24.357 255.00 24.386 260.00 24.417 265.00 24.466 270.00 24.503 275.00 24.528 280.00 24.561 285.00 24.597 290.00 24.638 295.00 24.682 300.00 24.714 305.00 24.734 310.00 24.766 315.00 24.790 320.00 24.845 325.00 24.879 330.00 24.922 335.00 24.970 340.00 25.012 345.00 25.058 350.00 25.105 355.00 25.129 360.00 25.149 365.00 25.163 370.00 25.213 375.00 25.253 380.00 25.311 385.00 25.359 390.00 25.420 395.00 25.490 400.00 25.636 405.00 25.604 410.00 25.613 415.00 25.659 420.00 25.695 425.00 25.731 430.00 25.806 435.00 26.063 440.00 25.917 445.00 25.920 450.00 25.957 455.00 26.002 460.00 26.029 465.00 26.079 470.00 26.135 475.00 26.180 480.00 26.208 485.00 26.200 490.00 26.239 495.00 26.259 500.00 26.227