# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - AU-TWDD0315 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1004864 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/AU-TWDD0315.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - AU-TWDD0315 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: AU-TWDD0315 # Location: Australia # Northernmost_Latitude: -28.8951 # Southernmost_Latitude: -28.8951 # Easternmost_Longitude: 121.3344 # Westernmost_Longitude: 121.3344 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: AU-TWDD0315-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 2011 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: Jones TD (AU) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 23.80 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th -0.404 # 17th -0.178 # 18th 0.226 # 19th 0.594 # 20th 0.521 # Date of logging (Year): 2010.400 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 3.51 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 6.27 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 35.00 24.329 40.00 24.331 45.00 24.324 50.00 24.321 55.00 24.323 60.00 24.331 65.00 24.330 70.00 24.329 75.00 24.352 80.00 24.370 85.00 24.391 90.00 24.417 95.00 24.440 100.00 24.456 105.00 24.475 110.00 24.500 115.00 24.524 120.00 24.550 125.00 24.567 130.00 24.591 135.00 24.614 140.00 24.639 145.00 24.661 150.00 24.684 155.00 24.712 160.00 24.733 165.00 24.759 170.00 24.784 175.00 24.818 180.00 24.838 185.00 24.864 190.00 24.896 195.00 24.927 200.00 24.955 205.00 24.979 210.00 25.010 215.00 25.042 220.00 25.076 225.00 25.109 230.00 25.142 235.00 25.174 240.00 25.209 245.00 25.243 250.00 25.283 255.00 25.322 260.00 25.368 265.00 25.411 270.00 25.451 275.00 25.491 280.00 25.527 285.00 25.566 290.00 25.601 295.00 25.637 300.00 25.676 305.00 25.719 310.00 25.759 315.00 25.792 320.00 25.828 325.00 25.889 330.00 25.925 335.00 25.944 340.00 25.967 345.00 25.988 350.00 26.016 355.00 26.033 360.00 26.050 365.00 26.073 370.00 26.108 375.00 26.160 380.00 26.180 385.00 26.199 390.00 26.218 395.00 26.233 400.00 26.256 405.00 26.285 410.00 26.316 415.00 26.346 420.00 26.378 425.00 26.410 430.00 26.447 435.00 26.482 440.00 26.516 445.00 26.555 450.00 26.593 455.00 26.630 460.00 26.670 465.00 26.706 470.00 26.740 475.00 26.783 480.00 26.824 485.00 26.864 490.00 26.902 495.00 26.940 500.00 26.978