# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - CA-136-1 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1001185 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/CA-136-1.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - CA-136-1 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: CA-136-1 # Location: Canada # Northernmost_Latitude: 54.64 # Southernmost_Latitude: 54.64 # Easternmost_Longitude: -102.04 # Westernmost_Longitude: -102.04 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: CA-136-1-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1986 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: K. Wang (CA) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 2.013 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th -0.136 # 17th -0.192 # 18th -0.152 # 19th 0.211 # 20th 1.348 # Date of logging (Year): 1985.97 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.82 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 12.13 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 21.50 2.609 24.20 2.612 26.70 2.614 29.40 2.631 32.00 2.634 35.20 2.648 37.70 2.657 40.10 2.667 42.50 2.679 45.70 2.692 48.20 2.701 51.20 2.715 53.60 2.727 56.60 2.749 59.00 2.760 62.30 2.782 64.80 2.799 67.20 2.815 70.20 2.837 72.70 2.857 75.70 2.879 78.20 2.900 80.90 2.926 83.80 2.960 86.40 2.983 89.40 3.012 92.40 3.042 94.60 3.066 97.60 3.094 100.70 3.126 103.70 3.164 106.20 3.191 108.60 3.218 111.70 3.258 114.20 3.284 117.30 3.323 119.50 3.348 122.50 3.390 125.00 3.416 128.00 3.450 130.80 3.494 133.20 3.518 136.00 3.555 139.10 3.591 141.60 3.622 144.70 3.656 147.70 3.695 149.90 3.728 152.90 3.764 155.40 3.794 158.20 3.833 161.20 3.873 164.20 3.909 167.00 3.942 169.30 3.975 171.90 4.010 175.00 4.044 177.80 4.080 180.80 4.117 183.00 4.146 186.00 4.181 188.80 4.218 191.50 4.251 194.30 4.283 196.80 4.324 199.40 4.357 202.20 4.388 205.20 4.425 207.60 4.458 210.30 4.495 213.30 4.534 216.10 4.569 218.50 4.601 221.10 4.640 223.70 4.676 226.60 4.713 229.30 4.747 231.90 4.778 234.60 4.818 237.40 4.854 240.10 4.889 242.70 4.922 244.80 4.950 247.60 4.988 250.30 5.025 252.90 5.057 255.50 5.092 258.20 5.123 260.40 5.159 263.60 5.196 266.00 5.231 268.60 5.259 271.20 5.294 273.50 5.323 276.10 5.355 279.30 5.389 281.40 5.416 283.90 5.445 287.10 5.484 289.70 5.517 291.80 5.540 294.40 5.574 297.00 5.605 300.10 5.641 302.70 5.673 305.10 5.703 307.80 5.734 310.00 5.763 312.70 5.792 315.30 5.823 317.90 5.858 320.70 5.889 323.00 5.916 325.90 5.947 328.20 5.974 330.80 6.002 333.60 6.032 336.10 6.063 338.50 6.089 341.30 6.128 343.90 6.157 346.30 6.187 348.50 6.219 351.20 6.253 353.50 6.283 356.10 6.315 358.50 6.344 360.70 6.374 363.40 6.408 365.90 6.435 368.50 6.470 370.70 6.497 373.30 6.532 375.90 6.564 378.40 6.596 380.50 6.619 382.70 6.649 385.20 6.680 387.90 6.716 390.30 6.746 392.50 6.770 395.20 6.803 397.60 6.833 399.90 6.860 402.50 6.891 404.90 6.925 407.20 6.948 409.90 6.988 412.60 7.021 414.50 7.039 417.20 7.070 419.60 7.101 422.00 7.135 424.10 7.154 427.00 7.191 428.90 7.219 431.30 7.250 433.60 7.276 436.20 7.307 438.70 7.339 441.10 7.373 443.60 7.404 445.60 7.428 448.00 7.460 450.40 7.482 452.80 7.510 455.30 7.538 457.60 7.570 460.00 7.600 462.60 7.635 465.00 7.663