# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - CA-145-15 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1001191 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/CA-145-15.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - CA-145-15 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: CA-145-15 # Location: Canada # Northernmost_Latitude: 50.25 # Southernmost_Latitude: 50.25 # Easternmost_Longitude: -95.85 # Westernmost_Longitude: -95.85 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: CA-145-15-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1984 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: A.M. Jessop (CA) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 5.381 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th -0.087 # 17th 0.017 # 18th 0.300 # 19th 0.973 # 20th 2.614 # Date of logging (Year): 1983.65 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.62 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 11.98 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 24.90 7.498 28.40 7.468 30.90 7.440 34.10 7.400 37.50 7.365 40.70 7.331 43.70 7.296 46.70 7.257 49.70 7.234 52.80 7.202 55.70 7.174 58.80 7.149 62.20 7.131 65.20 7.110 68.20 7.099 71.30 7.083 74.40 7.073 77.50 7.060 80.70 7.050 83.80 7.048 86.90 7.043 89.70 7.043 92.80 7.046 95.80 7.050 98.80 7.053 101.90 7.057 105.00 7.066 108.10 7.073 111.30 7.085 114.40 7.096 117.60 7.112 120.70 7.124 123.70 7.142 126.70 7.163 129.70 7.179 133.10 7.198 136.20 7.218 139.40 7.241 142.20 7.265 145.40 7.285 148.50 7.311 151.90 7.341 154.90 7.367 157.90 7.393 160.70 7.419 163.80 7.445 166.90 7.481 169.70 7.507 173.40 7.542 176.40 7.576 179.10 7.604 182.20 7.630 185.20 7.659 189.10 7.696 192.50 7.734 195.10 7.772 198.30 7.805 200.70 7.831 203.40 7.866 207.20 7.907 210.00 7.935 213.20 7.968 216.00 8.002 219.40 8.043 222.80 8.084 225.50 8.116 228.50 8.150 231.60 8.187 234.70 8.221 238.10 8.258 241.00 8.302 243.80 8.324 247.30 8.364 250.70 8.406 253.40 8.438 256.10 8.472 259.40 8.514 262.80 8.551 265.60 8.591 269.10 8.623 271.90 8.655 275.40 8.692 278.20 8.727 281.30 8.759 284.60 8.797 287.30 8.829 290.40 8.865 293.80 8.902 296.60 8.932 300.00 8.970 302.80 9.006 306.10 9.044 308.50 9.071 312.20 9.112 315.00 9.145 318.10 9.173 321.00 9.214 324.10 9.244 327.60 9.280 330.70 9.324 333.70 9.355 336.70 9.396 339.70 9.435 343.10 9.474 345.90 9.515 349.10 9.554 352.20 9.594 355.40 9.633 358.20 9.670 361.90 9.717 364.90 9.754 367.60 9.786 370.70 9.831 373.70 9.865 377.20 9.910 380.00 9.942 383.20 9.982 386.60 10.021 389.40 10.053