# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - CA-298-4 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1001214 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/CA-298-4.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - CA-298-4 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: CA-298-4 # Location: Canada # Northernmost_Latitude: 50.42 # Southernmost_Latitude: 50.42 # Easternmost_Longitude: -95.45 # Westernmost_Longitude: -95.45 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: CA-298-4-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1983 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: A.M. Jessop (CA) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 7.272 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th 0.130 # 17th 0.152 # 18th 0.161 # 19th 0.028 # 20th -1.548 # Date of logging (Year): 1982.78 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 3.18 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 7.53 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 21.60 6.376 25.30 6.562 27.70 6.682 30.80 6.832 33.80 6.940 37.20 7.105 40.50 7.229 43.00 7.291 46.60 7.397 49.70 7.473 52.40 7.530 55.80 7.591 58.80 7.656 61.60 7.707 64.60 7.763 68.00 7.801 71.30 7.844 73.80 7.887 77.40 7.919 80.20 7.962 83.50 7.998 86.30 8.026 89.30 8.059 92.70 8.093 95.40 8.115 98.50 8.141 101.80 8.178 104.50 8.193 107.90 8.215 110.90 8.241 114.30 8.263 117.00 8.285 120.10 8.307 123.10 8.331 126.20 8.353 129.50 8.377 132.30 8.401 135.30 8.423 138.70 8.445 141.70 8.460 144.80 8.491 147.80 8.509 150.90 8.530 154.20 8.550 157.30 8.572 160.30 8.590 163.40 8.601 166.40 8.623 169.50 8.647 172.50 8.671 175.60 8.684 178.60 8.709 181.70 8.726 185.00 8.747 187.50 8.764 191.10 8.789 194.20 8.814 197.20 8.832 200.30 8.848 203.30 8.870 206.30 8.890 209.40 8.906 212.40 8.926 215.50 8.951 218.50 8.976 221.60 8.996 224.90 9.019 227.70 9.039 231.30 9.057 233.80 9.076 237.10 9.098 240.20 9.123 243.50 9.146 246.30 9.167 249.30 9.189 252.40 9.208 255.40 9.228 258.50 9.251 262.10 9.270 264.90 9.288 267.90 9.311 271.00 9.341 274.30 9.366 277.40 9.384 280.10 9.412 283.20 9.424 286.20 9.451 289.30 9.470 292.60 9.495 295.70 9.514 298.70 9.537 301.80 9.563