# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - CA-436-4 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1001223 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/CA-436-4.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - CA-436-4 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: CA-436-4 # Location: Canada # Northernmost_Latitude: 48.30 # Southernmost_Latitude: 48.30 # Easternmost_Longitude: -82.43 # Westernmost_Longitude: -82.43 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: CA-436-4-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1987 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: K. Wang (CA) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 3.719 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th -0.274 # 17th 0.037 # 18th 0.546 # 19th 1.019 # 20th 1.152 # Date of logging (Year): 1986.73 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.50 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 11.43 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 37.20 5.329 40.10 5.330 43.20 5.315 46.20 5.298 49.20 5.287 52.30 5.296 55.30 5.284 58.40 5.267 61.40 5.271 64.40 5.270 67.50 5.269 70.50 5.263 73.60 5.266 76.60 5.261 79.70 5.271 82.70 5.265 85.70 5.273 88.80 5.274 91.90 5.274 95.00 5.287 98.10 5.299 101.10 5.304 104.20 5.310 107.30 5.327 110.40 5.342 113.60 5.356 116.70 5.363 119.80 5.378 122.90 5.400 126.00 5.414 129.10 5.431 132.20 5.451 135.40 5.469 138.50 5.500 141.60 5.513 144.80 5.535 147.90 5.565 151.00 5.582 154.10 5.609 157.30 5.631 160.40 5.661 163.60 5.688 166.70 5.712 169.80 5.736 173.00 5.770 176.10 5.797 179.40 5.831 182.50 5.864 185.50 5.896 188.70 5.914 191.90 5.957 195.10 5.992 198.20 6.010 201.30 6.050 204.50 6.082 207.70 6.115 210.80 6.149 214.00 6.174 217.10 6.199 220.30 6.241 223.40 6.272 226.60 6.307 229.80 6.343 232.90 6.366 236.10 6.403 239.30 6.436 242.40 6.480 245.60 6.512 248.80 6.554 251.90 6.586 255.00 6.630 258.20 6.655 261.40 6.697 264.40 6.726 267.60 6.760 270.80 6.800 273.90 6.831 277.10 6.877 280.30 6.923 283.40 6.969 286.50 6.994 289.70 7.036 292.80 7.070 296.00 7.116 299.10 7.150 302.30 7.186 305.50 7.221 308.60 7.270 311.80 7.297 314.90 7.328 318.10 7.371 321.30 7.399 324.40 7.436 327.60 7.468 330.80 7.509 333.90 7.536 337.10 7.577 340.30 7.620 343.50 7.647 346.70 7.693 349.90 7.720 352.80 7.761 355.40 7.785 358.00 7.811 360.60 7.849 363.20 7.878 365.80 7.899 368.50 7.936 371.30 7.958 374.00 7.983 376.70 8.017 379.60 8.046 382.50 8.076 385.30 8.102 388.10 8.134 390.90 8.171 393.70 8.201 396.50 8.232 399.30 8.262 402.10 8.288 404.90 8.327 407.70 8.355 410.50 8.388 413.30 8.413 416.10 8.460