# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - CA-9506 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1001309 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/CA-9506.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - CA-9506 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: CA-9506 # Location: Canada # Northernmost_Latitude: 54.58 # Southernmost_Latitude: 54.58 # Easternmost_Longitude: -103.20 # Westernmost_Longitude: -103.20 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: CA-9506-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 200 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: J-C Mareschal (CA) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 2.86 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th -1.376 # 17th -0.684 # 18th 0.140 # 19th 0.666 # 20th 0.009 # Date of logging (Year): 1995 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 3.60 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 8.47 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 27.19 2.264 36.25 2.340 45.32 2.492 54.38 2.678 63.44 2.854 72.50 3.009 81.57 3.211 90.63 3.384 99.69 3.558 108.76 3.734 117.82 3.908 126.88 4.076 135.95 4.256 145.01 4.425 154.07 4.598 163.13 4.771 172.20 4.944 181.26 5.121 190.32 5.305 199.39 5.475 208.45 5.651 217.51 5.829 226.58 5.995 235.64 6.163 244.70 6.336 253.77 6.499 262.83 6.657 271.89 6.811 280.95 6.968 290.02 7.118 299.08 7.275 308.14 7.434 317.21 7.593 326.27 7.751 335.33 7.903 344.40 8.058 353.46 8.202 362.52 8.359 371.59 8.505 380.65 8.657 389.71 8.800 398.78 8.945 407.84 9.093 416.90 9.235 425.96 9.372 435.03 9.506 444.09 9.642 453.15 9.786 462.22 9.918 471.28 10.051 480.34 10.192 489.41 10.328 498.47 10.462 507.53 10.598 516.60 10.738 525.66 10.883 534.72 11.022 543.78 11.158 552.85 11.283 561.91 11.416 570.97 11.552 580.04 11.677 589.10 11.806 598.16 11.939 607.23 12.080