# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - CN-Naerfenglinchang #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1004868 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/CN-Naerfenglinchang.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - CN-Naerfenglinchang #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: CN-Naerfenglinchang # Location: China # Northernmost_Latitude: 42.7237 # Southernmost_Latitude: 42.7237 # Easternmost_Longitude: 127.0529 # Westernmost_Longitude: 127.0529 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: CN-Naerfenglinchang-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 2012 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: Shaopeng Huang (US) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 6.83 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th 0.476 # 17th 0.411 # 18th 0.287 # 19th 0.182 # 20th 0.582 # Date of logging (Year): 2011.458 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.80 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 19.91 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 25.00 9.300 30.00 9.200 35.00 9.100 40.00 9.100 45.00 9.100 50.00 9.100 55.00 9.200 60.00 9.200 65.00 9.300 70.00 9.300 75.00 9.300 80.00 9.400 85.00 9.400 90.00 9.500 95.00 9.500 100.00 9.600 105.00 9.600 110.00 9.700 115.00 9.700 120.00 9.800 125.00 9.900 130.00 10.000 135.00 10.000 140.00 10.100 145.00 10.200 150.00 10.200 155.00 10.300 160.00 10.400 165.00 10.400 170.00 10.500 175.00 10.600 180.00 10.700 185.00 10.800 190.00 10.900 195.00 11.000 200.00 11.100 205.00 11.200 210.00 11.200 215.00 11.300 220.00 11.400 225.00 11.500 230.00 11.600 235.00 11.700 240.00 11.800 245.00 11.900 250.00 12.000 255.00 12.000 260.00 12.100 265.00 12.200 270.00 12.300 275.00 12.400 280.00 12.500 285.00 12.600 290.00 12.700 295.00 12.800 300.00 12.900 305.00 12.900 310.00 13.000 315.00 13.100 320.00 13.200 325.00 13.300 330.00 13.400 335.00 13.500 340.00 13.600 345.00 13.700 350.00 13.800 355.00 13.900 360.00 14.100 365.00 14.200 370.00 14.200 375.00 14.300 380.00 14.400 385.00 14.600 390.00 14.700