# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - JP-Izumiotu #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1000584 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/JP-Izumiotu.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - JP-Izumiotu #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: JP-Izumiotu # Location: Japan # Northernmost_Latitude: 34.60 # Southernmost_Latitude: 34.60 # Easternmost_Longitude: 135.46 # Westernmost_Longitude: 135.46 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: JP-Izumiotu-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 2004 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: M. Taniguchi (JP) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 14.15 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th 0.588 # 17th 0.327 # 18th -0.178 # 19th -0.445 # 20th 3.273 # Date of logging (Year): 2003.74 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.74 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 27.46 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 14.00 17.230 16.00 17.210 18.00 17.170 20.00 17.140 22.00 17.100 24.00 17.070 26.00 17.050 28.00 17.010 30.00 16.980 32.00 16.960 34.00 16.940 36.00 16.920 38.00 16.900 40.00 16.890 42.00 16.880 44.00 16.860 46.00 16.860 48.00 16.860 50.00 16.860 52.00 16.860 54.00 16.870 56.00 16.870 58.00 16.880 60.00 16.890 62.00 16.900 64.00 16.920 66.00 16.930 68.00 16.950 70.00 16.970 72.00 16.990 74.00 17.010 76.00 17.030 78.00 17.060 80.00 17.090 82.00 17.110 84.00 17.130 86.00 17.160 88.00 17.190 90.00 17.210 92.00 17.250 94.00 17.280 96.00 17.320 98.00 17.340 100.00 17.390 102.00 17.420 104.00 17.460 106.00 17.510 108.00 17.540 110.00 17.580 112.00 17.640 114.00 17.680 116.00 17.730 118.00 17.770 120.00 17.820 122.00 17.860 124.00 17.910 126.00 17.950 128.00 17.990 130.00 18.040 132.00 18.090 134.00 18.140 136.00 18.190 138.00 18.240 140.00 18.290 142.00 18.350 144.00 18.410 146.00 18.460 148.00 18.520 150.00 18.580 152.00 18.630 154.00 18.680 156.00 18.730 158.00 18.800 160.00 18.830 162.00 18.870 164.00 18.930 166.00 18.960 168.00 19.020 170.00 19.080 172.00 19.130 174.00 19.170 176.00 19.230 178.00 19.280 180.00 19.350 182.00 19.400 184.00 19.440 186.00 19.500 188.00 19.540 190.00 19.600 192.00 19.640 194.00 19.690 196.00 19.740 198.00 19.780 200.00 19.820 202.00 19.860 204.00 19.920 206.00 19.960 208.00 20.030 210.00 20.060 212.00 20.140 214.00 20.170 216.00 20.230 218.00 20.300 220.00 20.350 222.00 20.410 224.00 20.460 226.00 20.500 228.00 20.570 230.00 20.630 232.00 20.680 234.00 20.720 236.00 20.770 238.00 20.820 240.00 20.870 242.00 20.900 244.00 20.950 246.00 20.980 248.00 21.030 250.00 21.070 252.00 21.100 254.00 21.140 256.00 21.200 258.00 21.250 260.00 21.300 262.00 21.350 264.00 21.410 266.00 21.460 268.00 21.510 270.00 21.560 272.00 21.620 274.00 21.680 276.00 21.740 278.00 21.800 280.00 21.840 282.00 21.910 284.00 21.950 286.00 22.040 288.00 22.090 290.00 22.150 292.00 22.210 294.00 22.280 296.00 22.340 298.00 22.420 300.00 22.490 310.00 22.780 320.00 23.080 330.00 23.420 340.00 23.700