# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - JP-Kishiwada3 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1000587 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/JP-Kishiwada3.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - JP-Kishiwada3 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: JP-Kishiwada3 # Location: Japan # Northernmost_Latitude: 34.47 # Southernmost_Latitude: 34.47 # Easternmost_Longitude: 135.41 # Westernmost_Longitude: 135.41 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: JP-Kishiwada3-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 2004 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: M. Taniguchi (JP) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 17.16 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th -0.528 # 17th -0.580 # 18th -0.540 # 19th -0.011 # 20th 2.853 # Date of logging (Year): 2003.73 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.47 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 25.12 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 22.00 18.900 24.00 18.850 26.00 18.770 28.00 18.730 30.00 18.660 32.00 18.600 34.00 18.530 36.00 18.480 38.00 18.420 40.00 18.370 42.00 18.340 44.00 18.320 46.00 18.310 48.00 18.310 50.00 18.310 52.00 18.310 54.00 18.320 56.00 18.330 58.00 18.340 60.00 18.360 62.00 18.370 64.00 18.400 66.00 18.410 68.00 18.430 70.00 18.470 72.00 18.500 74.00 18.520 76.00 18.570 78.00 18.590 80.00 18.650 82.00 18.690 84.00 18.720 86.00 18.770 88.00 18.810 90.00 18.850 92.00 18.910 94.00 18.950 96.00 19.000 98.00 19.060 100.00 19.100 102.00 19.150 104.00 19.210 106.00 19.250 108.00 19.320 110.00 19.350 112.00 19.400 114.00 19.440 116.00 19.500 118.00 19.550 120.00 19.600 122.00 19.670 124.00 19.720 126.00 19.770 128.00 19.830 130.00 19.870 132.00 19.920 134.00 19.980 136.00 20.050 138.00 20.120 140.00 20.190 142.00 20.240 144.00 20.300 146.00 20.360 148.00 20.390 150.00 20.470 152.00 20.520 154.00 20.590 156.00 20.640 158.00 20.700 160.00 20.760 162.00 20.800 164.00 20.880 166.00 20.920 168.00 20.970 170.00 21.040 172.00 21.120 174.00 21.150 176.00 21.220 178.00 21.290 180.00 21.340 182.00 21.370 184.00 21.440 186.00 21.500 188.00 21.540 190.00 21.620 192.00 21.670 194.00 21.720 196.00 21.800 198.00 21.840 200.00 21.880 202.00 21.940 204.00 22.030 206.00 22.080 208.00 22.120 210.00 22.160 212.00 22.230 214.00 22.310 216.00 22.340 218.00 22.410 220.00 22.460 222.00 22.520 224.00 22.620 226.00 22.640 228.00 22.700 230.00 22.750 232.00 22.800 234.00 22.850 236.00 22.900 238.00 22.980 240.00 23.030 242.00 23.080 244.00 23.140 246.00 23.180 248.00 23.240 250.00 23.290 252.00 23.330 254.00 23.360 256.00 23.430 258.00 23.480 260.00 23.520 262.00 23.560 264.00 23.600