# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - JP-Kounosu #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1000590 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/JP-Kounosu.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - JP-Kounosu #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: JP-Kounosu # Location: Japan # Northernmost_Latitude: 36.07 # Southernmost_Latitude: 36.07 # Easternmost_Longitude: 139.51 # Westernmost_Longitude: 139.51 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: JP-Kounosu-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 2004 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: M. Taniguchi (JP) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 15.51 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th -0.501 # 17th -0.518 # 18th -0.398 # 19th 0.247 # 20th 1.901 # Date of logging (Year): 2003.27 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 1.36 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 18.88 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 22.00 16.590 24.00 16.550 26.00 16.480 28.00 16.460 30.00 16.420 32.00 16.380 34.00 16.340 36.00 16.310 38.00 16.290 40.00 16.260 42.00 16.250 44.00 16.260 46.00 16.260 48.00 16.260 50.00 16.270 52.00 16.280 54.00 16.290 56.00 16.300 58.00 16.310 60.00 16.330 62.00 16.350 64.00 16.370 66.00 16.400 68.00 16.420 70.00 16.460 72.00 16.480 74.00 16.520 76.00 16.540 78.00 16.570 80.00 16.610 82.00 16.640 84.00 16.680 86.00 16.710 88.00 16.750 90.00 16.780 92.00 16.810 94.00 16.850 96.00 16.880 98.00 16.910 100.00 16.940 102.00 16.980 104.00 17.010 106.00 17.040 108.00 17.080 110.00 17.110 112.00 17.140 114.00 17.180 116.00 17.220 118.00 17.260 120.00 17.300 122.00 17.340 124.00 17.380 126.00 17.430 128.00 17.470 130.00 17.510 132.00 17.550 134.00 17.600 136.00 17.630 138.00 17.680 140.00 17.720 142.00 17.760 144.00 17.810 146.00 17.860 148.00 17.900 150.00 17.950 152.00 17.980 154.00 18.030 156.00 18.070 158.00 18.110 160.00 18.150 162.00 18.200 164.00 18.240 166.00 18.290 168.00 18.340 170.00 18.390 172.00 18.430 174.00 18.470 176.00 18.510 178.00 18.560 180.00 18.610 182.00 18.660 184.00 18.700 186.00 18.740 188.00 18.780 190.00 18.830 192.00 18.880 194.00 18.930 196.00 18.970 198.00 19.020 200.00 19.060 202.00 19.110 204.00 19.160 206.00 19.200 208.00 19.250 210.00 19.300 212.00 19.350 214.00 19.390 216.00 19.430 218.00 19.480 220.00 19.510 222.00 19.550 224.00 19.590 226.00 19.630 228.00 19.670 230.00 19.710 232.00 19.750 234.00 19.790 236.00 19.830 238.00 19.860 240.00 19.890 242.00 19.920 244.00 19.950 246.00 19.980 248.00 20.020 250.00 20.060 252.00 20.090 254.00 20.130 256.00 20.170 258.00 20.210 260.00 20.260 262.00 20.300 264.00 20.340 266.00 20.380 268.00 20.420 270.00 20.470 272.00 20.510 274.00 20.550 276.00 20.590 278.00 20.650 280.00 20.700 282.00 20.740 284.00 20.780 286.00 20.820 288.00 20.860 290.00 20.900 292.00 20.960 294.00 21.000 296.00 21.040 298.00 21.080 300.00 21.150