# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - JP-Niwakubo2-3 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1000593 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/JP-Niwakubo2-3.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - JP-Niwakubo2-3 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: JP-Niwakubo2-3 # Location: Japan # Northernmost_Latitude: 34.73 # Southernmost_Latitude: 34.73 # Easternmost_Longitude: 135.57 # Westernmost_Longitude: 135.57 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: JP-Niwakubo2-3-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 2004 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: M. Taniguchi (JP) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 15.98 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th -0.519 # 17th -0.567 # 18th -0.523 # 19th -0.012 # 20th 2.580 # Date of logging (Year): 2003.7 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 1.67 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 24.62 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 28.00 17.450 30.00 17.360 32.00 17.280 34.00 17.230 36.00 17.180 38.00 17.160 40.00 17.120 42.00 17.110 44.00 17.090 46.00 17.090 48.00 17.070 50.00 17.070 52.00 17.080 54.00 17.080 56.00 17.090 58.00 17.100 60.00 17.100 62.00 17.120 64.00 17.130 66.00 17.150 68.00 17.180 70.00 17.200 72.00 17.230 74.00 17.260 76.00 17.290 78.00 17.330 80.00 17.380 82.00 17.420 84.00 17.450 86.00 17.520 88.00 17.560 90.00 17.630 92.00 17.680 94.00 17.750 96.00 17.820 98.00 17.860 100.00 17.920 102.00 17.960 104.00 18.020 106.00 18.070 108.00 18.110 110.00 18.160 112.00 18.210 114.00 18.260 116.00 18.330 118.00 18.380 120.00 18.430 122.00 18.470 124.00 18.520 126.00 18.550 128.00 18.600 130.00 18.650 132.00 18.700 134.00 18.740 136.00 18.790 138.00 18.840 140.00 18.880 142.00 18.940 144.00 19.000 146.00 19.050 148.00 19.120 150.00 19.190 152.00 19.250 154.00 19.320 156.00 19.380 158.00 19.430 160.00 19.490 162.00 19.530 164.00 19.580 166.00 19.630 168.00 19.690 170.00 19.730 172.00 19.790 174.00 19.860 176.00 19.920 178.00 19.970 180.00 20.030 182.00 20.090 184.00 20.190 186.00 20.260 188.00 20.330 190.00 20.410 192.00 20.480 194.00 20.550 196.00 20.610 198.00 20.660 200.00 20.710 202.00 20.750 204.00 20.800 206.00 20.850 208.00 20.890 210.00 20.940 212.00 20.970 214.00 21.020 216.00 21.070 218.00 21.120 220.00 21.180 222.00 21.230 224.00 21.280 226.00 21.340 228.00 21.380 230.00 21.450 232.00 21.500 234.00 21.550 236.00 21.610 238.00 21.640 240.00 21.690 242.00 21.740 244.00 21.770 246.00 21.810 248.00 21.840