# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - JP-Tokorozawa #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1000604 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/JP-Tokorozawa.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - JP-Tokorozawa #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: JP-Tokorozawa # Location: Japan # Northernmost_Latitude: 35.80 # Southernmost_Latitude: 35.80 # Easternmost_Longitude: 139.47 # Westernmost_Longitude: 139.47 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: JP-Tokorozawa-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 2004 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: M. Taniguchi (JP) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 13.36 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th 0.392 # 17th 0.393 # 18th 0.352 # 19th 0.403 # 20th 1.771 # Date of logging (Year): 2003.18 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 1.36 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 10.29 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 66.00 15.440 68.00 15.420 70.00 15.390 72.00 15.360 74.00 15.340 76.00 15.330 78.00 15.310 80.00 15.300 82.00 15.290 84.00 15.280 86.00 15.260 88.00 15.240 90.00 15.220 92.00 15.210 94.00 15.200 96.00 15.180 98.00 15.180 100.00 15.170 102.00 15.170 104.00 15.170 106.00 15.170 108.00 15.180 110.00 15.180 112.00 15.190 114.00 15.200 116.00 15.200 118.00 15.220 120.00 15.220 122.00 15.240 124.00 15.240 126.00 15.250 128.00 15.260 130.00 15.270 132.00 15.280 134.00 15.280 136.00 15.290 138.00 15.300 140.00 15.310 142.00 15.320 144.00 15.320 146.00 15.330 148.00 15.340 150.00 15.350 152.00 15.360 154.00 15.370 156.00 15.380 158.00 15.400 160.00 15.400 162.00 15.420 164.00 15.420 166.00 15.440 168.00 15.450 170.00 15.460 172.00 15.470 174.00 15.480 176.00 15.500 178.00 15.500 180.00 15.520 182.00 15.540 184.00 15.550 186.00 15.560 188.00 15.570 190.00 15.590 192.00 15.600 194.00 15.620 196.00 15.630 198.00 15.650 200.00 15.650 202.00 15.670 204.00 15.680 206.00 15.690 208.00 15.710 210.00 15.730 212.00 15.750 214.00 15.750 216.00 15.770 218.00 15.790 220.00 15.790 222.00 15.800 224.00 15.810 226.00 15.830 228.00 15.840 230.00 15.850 232.00 15.860 234.00 15.880 236.00 15.900 238.00 15.910 240.00 15.920 242.00 15.940 244.00 15.960 246.00 15.970 248.00 15.990 250.00 16.000 252.00 16.020 254.00 16.040 256.00 16.050 258.00 16.080 260.00 16.090 262.00 16.120 264.00 16.140 266.00 16.160 268.00 16.190 270.00 16.210 272.00 16.230 274.00 16.250 276.00 16.280 278.00 16.300 280.00 16.320 282.00 16.340 284.00 16.370 286.00 16.390 288.00 16.410 290.00 16.430 292.00 16.450 294.00 16.480 296.00 16.510 298.00 16.530 300.00 16.550