# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - JP-Toneri #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1000605 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/JP-Toneri.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - JP-Toneri #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: JP-Toneri # Location: Japan # Northernmost_Latitude: 35.81 # Southernmost_Latitude: 35.81 # Easternmost_Longitude: 139.77 # Westernmost_Longitude: 139.77 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: JP-Toneri-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 2002 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: M. Taniguchi (JP) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 14.39 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th -0.008 # 17th 0.066 # 18th 0.241 # 19th 0.557 # 20th -0.278 # Date of logging (Year): 2001.85 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 1.36 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 17.87 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 26.00 15.680 28.00 15.640 30.00 15.630 32.00 15.630 34.00 15.630 36.00 15.630 38.00 15.640 40.00 15.650 42.00 15.650 44.00 15.670 46.00 15.690 48.00 15.720 50.00 15.740 52.00 15.760 54.00 15.780 56.00 15.810 58.00 15.830 60.00 15.860 62.00 15.900 64.00 15.920 66.00 15.970 68.00 16.000 70.00 16.030 72.00 16.070 74.00 16.100 76.00 16.130 78.00 16.160 80.00 16.190 82.00 16.230 84.00 16.270 86.00 16.290 88.00 16.310 90.00 16.360 92.00 16.380 94.00 16.410 96.00 16.440 98.00 16.470 100.00 16.500 102.00 16.530 104.00 16.560 106.00 16.590 108.00 16.620 110.00 16.640 112.00 16.670 114.00 16.690 116.00 16.720 118.00 16.740 120.00 16.760 122.00 16.780 124.00 16.810 126.00 16.830 128.00 16.850 130.00 16.870 132.00 16.880 134.00 16.910 136.00 16.930 138.00 16.950 140.00 16.970 142.00 17.000 144.00 17.030 146.00 17.060 148.00 17.080 150.00 17.120 152.00 17.150 154.00 17.180 156.00 17.220 158.00 17.250 160.00 17.290 162.00 17.340 164.00 17.370 166.00 17.420 168.00 17.450 170.00 17.510 172.00 17.580 174.00 17.590 176.00 17.620 178.00 17.670 180.00 17.710 182.00 17.750 184.00 17.790 186.00 17.830 188.00 17.860 190.00 17.900 192.00 17.940 194.00 17.980 196.00 18.010 198.00 18.060 200.00 18.100 202.00 18.120 204.00 18.160 206.00 18.190 208.00 18.220 210.00 18.250 212.00 18.280 214.00 18.320 216.00 18.350 218.00 18.370 220.00 18.390 222.00 18.420 224.00 18.440 226.00 18.470 228.00 18.490 230.00 18.520 232.00 18.540 234.00 18.570 236.00 18.600 238.00 18.640 240.00 18.660 242.00 18.690 244.00 18.740 246.00 18.780 248.00 18.820 250.00 18.880 252.00 18.930 254.00 18.950 256.00 19.000 258.00 19.070 260.00 19.070 262.00 19.060 264.00 19.100 266.00 19.140 268.00 19.160 270.00 19.210 272.00 19.250 274.00 19.280 276.00 19.310 278.00 19.350 280.00 19.390 282.00 19.430 284.00 19.460 286.00 19.500 288.00 19.530 290.00 19.580 292.00 19.610 294.00 19.650 296.00 19.700 298.00 19.740 300.00 19.780 302.00 19.830