# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - JP-Tsukuba(GSJ) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1000606 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/JP-Tsukuba(GSJ).html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - JP-Tsukuba(GSJ) #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: JP-Tsukuba(GSJ) # Location: Japan # Northernmost_Latitude: 36.06 # Southernmost_Latitude: 36.06 # Easternmost_Longitude: 140.13 # Westernmost_Longitude: 140.13 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: JP-Tsukuba(GSJ)-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 2002 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: M. Taniguchi (JP) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 15.93 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th -1.335 # 17th -1.301 # 18th -0.871 # 19th 0.618 # 20th 2.660 # Date of logging (Year): 2001.51 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 1.32 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 21.75 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 32.00 15.590 34.00 15.570 36.00 15.560 38.00 15.560 40.00 15.570 42.00 15.570 44.00 15.590 46.00 15.600 48.00 15.630 50.00 15.650 52.00 15.670 54.00 15.690 56.00 15.740 58.00 15.780 60.00 15.820 62.00 15.860 64.00 15.900 66.00 15.950 68.00 16.000 70.00 16.070 72.00 16.110 74.00 16.160 76.00 16.220 78.00 16.260 80.00 16.300 82.00 16.350 84.00 16.390 86.00 16.450 88.00 16.490 90.00 16.540 92.00 16.590 94.00 16.630 96.00 16.670 98.00 16.710 100.00 16.750 102.00 16.800 104.00 16.840 106.00 16.890 108.00 16.930 110.00 17.000 112.00 17.040 114.00 17.110 116.00 17.170 118.00 17.230 120.00 17.280 122.00 17.350 124.00 17.400 126.00 17.450 128.00 17.510 130.00 17.550 132.00 17.630 134.00 17.690 136.00 17.740 138.00 17.800 140.00 17.870 142.00 17.920 144.00 17.980 146.00 18.030 148.00 18.100 150.00 18.190 152.00 18.250 154.00 18.300 156.00 18.380 158.00 18.450 160.00 18.520 162.00 18.580 164.00 18.640 166.00 18.710 168.00 18.760 170.00 18.820 172.00 18.870 174.00 18.940 176.00 19.000 178.00 19.050 180.00 19.030 182.00 19.140 184.00 19.180 186.00 19.240 188.00 19.300 190.00 19.360 192.00 19.410 194.00 19.470 196.00 19.530 198.00 19.590 200.00 19.630 202.00 19.690 204.00 19.770 206.00 19.810 208.00 19.870 210.00 19.930 212.00 20.000 214.00 20.070 216.00 20.130 218.00 20.190 220.00 20.260 222.00 20.320 224.00 20.400 226.00 20.450 228.00 20.530 230.00 20.610 232.00 20.660 234.00 20.710 236.00 20.750 238.00 20.800 240.00 20.840 242.00 20.880 244.00 20.920 246.00 20.950 248.00 20.990 250.00 21.040 252.00 21.090 254.00 21.140 256.00 21.200 258.00 21.240 260.00 21.290 262.00 21.330 264.00 21.380 266.00 21.440 268.00 21.490 270.00 21.530 272.00 21.580 274.00 21.620 276.00 21.650 278.00 21.700 280.00 21.740 282.00 21.790 284.00 21.830 286.00 21.880 288.00 21.950 290.00 22.000 292.00 22.050 294.00 22.100 296.00 22.160 298.00 22.200 300.00 22.260