# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-2000001 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1004870 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/KR-2000001.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-2000001 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: KR-2000001 # Location: South Korea # Northernmost_Latitude: 37.5692 # Southernmost_Latitude: 37.5692 # Easternmost_Longitude: 127.0912 # Westernmost_Longitude: 127.0912 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: KR-2000001-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1992 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: Hyoung-Chan Kim (KR) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 12.86 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th 0.521 # 17th 0.494 # 18th 0.340 # 19th -0.052 # 20th -0.802 # Date of logging (Year): 1991.635 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.50 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 34.38 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 40.00 14.950 42.00 15.000 44.00 15.050 46.00 15.130 48.00 15.240 50.00 15.250 52.00 15.360 54.00 15.440 56.00 15.530 58.00 15.600 60.00 15.650 62.00 15.700 64.00 15.770 66.00 15.850 68.00 15.910 70.00 15.980 72.00 16.040 74.00 16.090 76.00 16.150 78.00 16.220 80.00 16.290 82.00 16.350 84.00 16.420 86.00 16.480 88.00 16.530 90.00 16.600 92.00 16.650 94.00 16.710 96.00 16.800 98.00 16.850 100.00 16.910 102.00 16.960 104.00 17.030 106.00 17.100 108.00 17.140 110.00 17.220 112.00 17.280 114.00 17.320 116.00 17.390 118.00 17.440 120.00 17.510 122.00 17.580 124.00 17.630 126.00 17.700 128.00 17.760 130.00 17.820 132.00 17.890 134.00 17.940 136.00 18.000 138.00 18.050 140.00 18.110 142.00 18.180 144.00 18.230 146.00 18.290 148.00 18.360 150.00 18.430 152.00 18.480 154.00 18.550 156.00 18.600 158.00 18.650 160.00 18.740 162.00 18.800 164.00 18.870 166.00 18.930 168.00 19.010 170.00 19.060 172.00 19.120 174.00 19.180 176.00 19.260 178.00 19.330 180.00 19.370 182.00 19.450 184.00 19.500 186.00 19.550 188.00 19.620 190.00 19.690 192.00 19.740 194.00 19.820 196.00 19.870 198.00 19.940 200.00 20.000 202.00 20.080 204.00 20.130 206.00 20.200 208.00 20.250 210.00 20.320 212.00 20.370 214.00 20.450 216.00 20.510 218.00 20.580 220.00 20.620 222.00 20.710 224.00 20.750 226.00 20.810 228.00 20.880 230.00 20.950 232.00 21.010 234.00 21.040 236.00 21.150 238.00 21.210 240.00 21.270 242.00 21.330 244.00 21.400 246.00 21.440 248.00 21.510 250.00 21.580 252.00 21.640 254.00 21.710 256.00 21.770 258.00 21.830 260.00 21.920 262.00 21.960 264.00 22.030 266.00 22.100 268.00 22.160 270.00 22.220 272.00 22.280 274.00 22.350 276.00 22.430 278.00 22.500 280.00 22.550 282.00 22.630 284.00 22.710 286.00 22.770 288.00 22.840 290.00 22.910 292.00 22.990 294.00 23.070 296.00 23.140 298.00 23.230 300.00 23.350 302.00 23.430 304.00 23.510