# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-3200001 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1004875 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/KR-3200001.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-3200001 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: KR-3200001 # Location: South Korea # Northernmost_Latitude: 37.4981 # Southernmost_Latitude: 37.4981 # Easternmost_Longitude: 126.8164 # Westernmost_Longitude: 126.8164 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: KR-3200001-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1987 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: Hyoung-Chan Kim (KR) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 12.63 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th 0.052 # 17th 0.031 # 18th 0.006 # 19th 0.207 # 20th -0.839 # Date of logging (Year): 1986.916 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.21 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 23.14 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 2.00 10.650 4.00 11.130 6.00 11.400 8.00 11.680 10.00 11.910 12.00 12.140 14.00 12.330 16.00 12.500 18.00 12.630 20.00 12.730 22.00 12.840 24.00 12.940 26.00 13.010 28.00 13.080 30.00 13.160 32.00 13.230 34.00 13.290 36.00 13.340 38.00 13.420 40.00 13.460 42.00 13.520 44.00 13.580 46.00 13.640 48.00 13.700 50.00 13.750 52.00 13.810 54.00 13.860 56.00 13.900 58.00 13.980 60.00 14.030 62.00 14.090 64.00 14.140 66.00 14.200 68.00 14.240 70.00 14.290 72.00 14.350 74.00 14.380 76.00 14.430 78.00 14.490 80.00 14.550 82.00 14.590 84.00 14.640 86.00 14.690 88.00 14.740 90.00 14.780 92.00 14.820 94.00 14.880 96.00 14.930 98.00 14.980 100.00 15.020 102.00 15.060 104.00 15.110 106.00 15.160 108.00 15.200 110.00 15.250 112.00 15.290 114.00 15.330 116.00 15.380 118.00 15.420 120.00 15.460 122.00 15.490 124.00 15.530 126.00 15.590 128.00 15.620 130.00 15.670 132.00 15.710 134.00 15.750 136.00 15.800 138.00 15.850 140.00 15.900 142.00 15.950 144.00 15.990 146.00 16.010 148.00 16.080 150.00 16.120 152.00 16.170 154.00 16.220 156.00 16.260 158.00 16.300 160.00 16.360 162.00 16.390 164.00 16.440 166.00 16.490 168.00 16.530 170.00 16.580 172.00 16.620 174.00 16.670 176.00 16.720 178.00 16.760 180.00 16.810 182.00 16.860 184.00 16.920 186.00 16.960 188.00 17.000 190.00 17.050 192.00 17.100 194.00 17.140 196.00 17.190 198.00 17.250 200.00 17.300 202.00 17.350 204.00 17.400 206.00 17.460 208.00 17.510 210.00 17.540 212.00 17.600 214.00 17.620 216.00 17.680 218.00 17.730 220.00 17.770 222.00 17.820 224.00 17.870 226.00 17.910 228.00 17.960 230.00 18.000 232.00 18.060 234.00 18.090 236.00 18.130 238.00 18.180 240.00 18.240 242.00 18.280 244.00 18.310 246.00 18.370 248.00 18.410 250.00 18.440 252.00 18.490 254.00 18.540 256.00 18.580 258.00 18.620 260.00 18.660 262.00 18.700 264.00 18.760 266.00 18.800 268.00 18.840 270.00 18.890 272.00 18.920 274.00 18.970 276.00 19.010 278.00 19.060 280.00 19.100 282.00 19.150 284.00 19.200 286.00 19.250 288.00 19.290 290.00 19.340 292.00 19.390 294.00 19.440 296.00 19.480 298.00 19.520 300.00 19.570 302.00 19.620 304.00 19.660 306.00 19.710 308.00 19.750 310.00 19.800 312.00 19.840 314.00 19.890 316.00 19.940 318.00 19.990 320.00 20.040 322.00 20.080 324.00 20.130 326.00 20.180 328.00 20.220 330.00 20.270 332.00 20.320 334.00 20.360 336.00 20.410 338.00 20.450 340.00 20.490 342.00 20.530 344.00 20.550 346.00 20.550 348.00 20.550 350.00 20.700 352.00 20.770 354.00 20.830 356.00 20.880 358.00 20.900 360.00 20.930 362.00 20.980 364.00 21.060 366.00 21.110 368.00 21.140 370.00 21.180 372.00 21.210 374.00 21.280 376.00 21.310 378.00 21.360 380.00 21.400 382.00 21.430 384.00 21.480 386.00 21.540 388.00 21.600 390.00 21.670 392.00 21.720 394.00 21.770 396.00 21.800 398.00 21.840 400.00 21.900 402.00 21.940 404.00 21.990 406.00 22.040 408.00 22.080 410.00 22.130 412.00 22.170 414.00 22.220 416.00 22.270 418.00 22.320 420.00 22.370 422.00 22.400 424.00 22.460 426.00 22.510 428.00 22.560 430.00 22.600 432.00 22.650 434.00 22.710 436.00 22.740 438.00 22.790 440.00 22.830 442.00 22.880 444.00 22.920 446.00 22.970 448.00 23.010 450.00 23.050 452.00 23.100 454.00 23.150 456.00 23.190 458.00 23.240 460.00 23.290 462.00 23.350 464.00 23.380 466.00 23.430 468.00 23.470 470.00 23.530 472.00 23.580 474.00 23.630 476.00 23.660 478.00 23.710 480.00 23.750 482.00 23.810 484.00 23.870 486.00 23.900 488.00 23.950 490.00 24.010 492.00 24.060 494.00 24.100 496.00 24.140 498.00 24.210 500.00 24.250 502.00 24.270 504.00 24.310 506.00 24.350 508.00 24.400 510.00 24.450 512.00 24.490 514.00 24.530 516.00 24.580 518.00 24.620 520.00 24.660 522.00 24.710 524.00 24.750 526.00 24.800 528.00 24.830 530.00 24.800 532.00 24.920 534.00 24.960 536.00 25.000 538.00 25.040 540.00 25.070 542.00 25.100