# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-3470002 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1004877 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/KR-3470002.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-3470002 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: KR-3470002 # Location: South Korea # Northernmost_Latitude: 37.5474 # Southernmost_Latitude: 37.5474 # Easternmost_Longitude: 127.1960 # Westernmost_Longitude: 127.1960 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: KR-3470002-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1988 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: Hyoung-Chan Kim (KR) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 13.45 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th 0.358 # 17th 0.256 # 18th 0.037 # 19th -0.250 # 20th -0.559 # Date of logging (Year): 1987.321 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.78 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 23.72 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 16.00 14.000 18.00 14.100 20.00 14.100 22.00 14.200 24.00 14.200 26.00 14.200 28.00 14.300 30.00 14.300 32.00 14.400 34.00 14.400 36.00 14.500 38.00 14.500 40.00 14.600 42.00 14.700 44.00 14.700 46.00 14.800 48.00 14.800 50.00 14.900 52.00 14.900 54.00 15.000 56.00 15.000 58.00 15.100 60.00 15.100 62.00 15.200 64.00 15.200 66.00 15.300 68.00 15.300 70.00 15.300 72.00 15.400 74.00 15.400 76.00 15.500 78.00 15.600 80.00 15.600 82.00 15.700 84.00 15.700 86.00 15.800 88.00 15.800 90.00 15.800 92.00 15.900 94.00 15.900 96.00 16.000 98.00 16.000 100.00 16.100 102.00 16.100 104.00 16.100 106.00 16.200 108.00 16.200 110.00 16.300 112.00 16.300 114.00 16.300 116.00 16.400 118.00 16.500 120.00 16.500 122.00 16.600 124.00 16.600 126.00 16.700 128.00 16.700 130.00 16.800 132.00 16.800 134.00 16.700 136.00 16.900 138.00 16.900 140.00 17.000 142.00 17.000 144.00 17.100 146.00 17.100 148.00 17.100 150.00 17.200 152.00 17.200 154.00 17.300 156.00 17.300 158.00 17.400 160.00 17.400 162.00 17.500 164.00 17.500 166.00 17.600 168.00 17.600 170.00 17.700 172.00 17.700 174.00 17.700 176.00 17.800 178.00 17.800 180.00 17.900 182.00 17.900 184.00 18.000 186.00 18.000 188.00 18.100 190.00 18.100 192.00 18.100 194.00 18.200 196.00 18.200 198.00 18.300 200.00 18.400 202.00 18.400 204.00 18.400 206.00 18.500 208.00 18.500 210.00 18.600 212.00 18.600 214.00 18.700 216.00 18.700 218.00 18.700 220.00 18.800 222.00 18.800 224.00 18.900 226.00 18.900 228.00 18.900 230.00 19.200 232.00 19.000 234.00 19.100 236.00 19.100 238.00 19.200 240.00 19.200 242.00 19.200 244.00 19.300 246.00 19.300 248.00 19.300 250.00 19.400 252.00 19.400 254.00 19.500 256.00 19.500 258.00 19.600 260.00 19.600 262.00 19.700 264.00 19.800 266.00 19.800 268.00 19.900 270.00 19.900 272.00 20.000 274.00 20.000 276.00 20.100 278.00 20.100 280.00 20.200 282.00 20.200 284.00 20.300 286.00 20.300 288.00 20.400 290.00 20.400 292.00 20.400 294.00 20.500 296.00 20.500 298.00 20.600 300.00 20.600 302.00 20.600 304.00 20.700 306.00 20.700 308.00 20.800 310.00 20.800 312.00 20.900 314.00 20.900 316.00 21.000 318.00 21.000 320.00 21.100 322.00 21.100 324.00 21.200 326.00 21.200 328.00 21.200 330.00 21.300 332.00 21.300 334.00 21.400 336.00 21.400 338.00 21.500 340.00 21.500 342.00 21.600 344.00 21.600 346.00 21.700 348.00 21.700 350.00 21.800 352.00 21.800 354.00 21.900 356.00 21.900 358.00 22.000 360.00 22.000 362.00 22.100 364.00 22.100 366.00 22.200 368.00 22.200 370.00 22.200 372.00 22.300 374.00 22.400