# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-3470005 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1004878 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/KR-3470005.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-3470005 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: KR-3470005 # Location: South Korea # Northernmost_Latitude: 37.5457 # Southernmost_Latitude: 37.5457 # Easternmost_Longitude: 127.1950 # Westernmost_Longitude: 127.1950 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: KR-3470005-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1988 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: Hyoung-Chan Kim (KR) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 12.27 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th 1.380 # 17th 1.030 # 18th 0.253 # 19th -0.831 # 20th -0.857 # Date of logging (Year): 1987.377 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.78 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 25.71 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 46.00 14.900 48.00 14.900 50.00 15.000 52.00 15.000 54.00 15.000 56.00 15.000 58.00 15.100 60.00 15.100 62.00 15.200 64.00 15.200 66.00 15.300 68.00 15.300 70.00 15.300 72.00 15.400 74.00 15.400 76.00 15.500 78.00 15.500 80.00 15.500 82.00 15.600 84.00 15.600 86.00 15.700 88.00 15.700 90.00 15.700 92.00 15.800 94.00 15.800 96.00 15.800 98.00 15.900 100.00 15.900 102.00 16.000 104.00 16.000 106.00 16.100 108.00 16.100 110.00 16.100 112.00 16.100 114.00 16.200 116.00 16.200 118.00 16.300 120.00 16.300 122.00 16.300 124.00 16.400 126.00 16.400 128.00 16.500 130.00 16.500 132.00 16.500 134.00 16.600 136.00 16.600 138.00 16.700 140.00 16.700 142.00 16.800 144.00 16.800 146.00 16.800 148.00 16.900 150.00 16.900 152.00 17.000 154.00 17.000 156.00 17.000 158.00 17.100 160.00 17.200 162.00 17.200 164.00 17.200 166.00 17.300 168.00 17.300 170.00 17.400 172.00 17.400 174.00 17.400 176.00 17.500 178.00 17.500 180.00 17.500 182.00 17.600 184.00 17.600 186.00 17.600 188.00 17.700 190.00 17.700 192.00 17.800 194.00 17.800 196.00 17.800 198.00 17.900 200.00 17.900 202.00 18.000 204.00 18.000 206.00 18.000 208.00 18.100 210.00 18.100 212.00 18.100 214.00 18.200 216.00 18.200 218.00 18.200 220.00 18.300 222.00 18.300 224.00 18.400 226.00 18.400 228.00 18.400 230.00 18.500 232.00 18.500 234.00 18.600 236.00 18.600 238.00 18.700 240.00 18.700 242.00 18.700 244.00 18.800 246.00 18.800 248.00 18.900 250.00 18.900 252.00 19.000 254.00 19.000 256.00 19.100 258.00 19.100 260.00 19.200 262.00 19.200 264.00 19.200 266.00 19.300 268.00 19.400 270.00 19.500 272.00 19.500 274.00 19.600 276.00 19.600 278.00 19.700 280.00 19.700 282.00 19.800 284.00 19.800 286.00 19.900 288.00 19.900 290.00 19.900 292.00 20.000 294.00 20.000 296.00 20.100 298.00 20.100 300.00 20.200 302.00 20.200 304.00 20.200 306.00 20.300 308.00 20.400 310.00 20.400 312.00 20.400 314.00 20.500 316.00 20.500 318.00 20.600 320.00 20.600 322.00 20.700 324.00 20.700 326.00 20.800 328.00 20.800 330.00 20.800 332.00 20.900 334.00 20.900 336.00 21.000 338.00 21.000 340.00 21.000 342.00 21.100 344.00 21.100 346.00 21.200 348.00 21.200 350.00 21.300 352.00 21.300 354.00 21.400 356.00 21.400 358.00 21.500 360.00 21.500 362.00 21.600 364.00 21.600 366.00 21.700 368.00 21.700 370.00 21.800 372.00 21.800 374.00 21.900 376.00 21.900 378.00 22.000 380.00 22.000 382.00 22.100 384.00 22.100 386.00 22.200 388.00 22.200 390.00 22.300 392.00 22.400 394.00 22.500 396.00 22.500 398.00 22.500 400.00 22.600 402.00 22.700 404.00 22.700 406.00 22.800 408.00 22.900 410.00 22.900 412.00 23.000 414.00 23.000 416.00 23.100 418.00 23.100 420.00 23.100 422.00 23.200 424.00 23.300 426.00 23.300 428.00 23.300 430.00 23.400 432.00 23.400 434.00 23.500 436.00 23.500 438.00 23.600 440.00 23.600 442.00 23.600 444.00 23.700 446.00 23.800 448.00 23.800 450.00 23.900 452.00 23.900 454.00 24.000 456.00 24.000 458.00 24.100 460.00 24.100 462.00 24.200 464.00 24.200 466.00 24.300 468.00 24.300 470.00 24.400 472.00 24.400 474.00 24.500 476.00 24.500 478.00 24.600 480.00 24.600 482.00 24.600 484.00 24.700 486.00 24.800 488.00 24.800 490.00 24.800 492.00 24.900 494.00 24.900 496.00 25.000 498.00 25.100 500.00 25.100