# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-3470006 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1004879 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/KR-3470006.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-3470006 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: KR-3470006 # Location: South Korea # Northernmost_Latitude: 37.5502 # Southernmost_Latitude: 37.5502 # Easternmost_Longitude: 127.1972 # Westernmost_Longitude: 127.1972 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: KR-3470006-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1990 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: Hyoung-Chan Kim (KR) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 12.33 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th 1.084 # 17th 0.289 # 18th -0.496 # 19th -0.399 # 20th 0.538 # Date of logging (Year): 1989.505 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.78 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 25.42 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 52.00 14.200 54.00 14.250 56.00 14.300 58.00 14.350 60.00 14.400 62.00 14.450 64.00 14.500 66.00 14.550 68.00 14.600 70.00 14.630 72.00 14.680 74.00 14.700 76.00 14.780 78.00 14.800 80.00 14.850 82.00 14.900 84.00 14.950 86.00 15.000 88.00 15.050 90.00 15.100 92.00 15.150 94.00 15.200 96.00 15.250 98.00 15.300 100.00 15.350 102.00 15.380 104.00 15.420 106.00 15.500 108.00 15.520 110.00 15.580 112.00 15.600 114.00 15.650 116.00 15.700 118.00 15.750 120.00 15.800 122.00 15.820 124.00 15.880 126.00 15.900 128.00 15.950 130.00 16.000 132.00 16.050 134.00 16.100 136.00 16.150 138.00 16.170 140.00 16.200 142.00 16.250 144.00 16.300 146.00 16.350 148.00 16.400 150.00 16.450 152.00 16.500 154.00 16.550 156.00 16.600 158.00 16.650 160.00 16.700 162.00 16.750 164.00 16.800 166.00 16.850 168.00 16.900 170.00 16.950 172.00 17.000 174.00 17.050 176.00 17.100 178.00 17.120 180.00 17.150 182.00 17.200 184.00 17.250 186.00 17.320 188.00 17.380 190.00 17.420 192.00 17.450 194.00 17.500 196.00 17.550 198.00 17.600 200.00 17.680 202.00 17.720 204.00 17.800 206.00 17.840 208.00 17.880 210.00 17.920 212.00 17.950 214.00 18.000 216.00 18.050 218.00 18.100 220.00 18.120 222.00 18.180 224.00 18.200 226.00 18.280 228.00 18.320 230.00 18.350 232.00 18.450 234.00 18.480 236.00 18.500 238.00 18.580 240.00 18.620 242.00 18.650 244.00 18.700 246.00 18.750 248.00 18.800 250.00 18.850 252.00 18.900 254.00 18.950 256.00 19.000 258.00 19.050 260.00 19.100 262.00 19.150 264.00 19.180 266.00 19.250 268.00 19.300 270.00 19.320 272.00 19.400 274.00 19.420 276.00 19.480 278.00 19.500 280.00 19.600 282.00 19.600 284.00 19.680 286.00 19.700 288.00 19.750 290.00 19.800 292.00 19.850 294.00 19.900 296.00 19.950 298.00 20.000 300.00 20.050 302.00 20.100 304.00 20.150 306.00 20.200 308.00 20.250 310.00 20.300 312.00 20.350 314.00 20.400 316.00 20.450 318.00 20.500 320.00 20.520 322.00 20.600 324.00 20.620 326.00 20.650 328.00 20.700 330.00 20.750 332.00 20.800 334.00 20.850 336.00 20.900 338.00 20.950 340.00 21.000 342.00 21.050 344.00 21.100 346.00 21.150 348.00 21.200 350.00 21.250 352.00 21.300 354.00 21.350 356.00 21.400 358.00 21.420 360.00 21.480 362.00 21.520 364.00 21.550 366.00 21.600 368.00 21.650 370.00 21.700 372.00 21.750 374.00 21.800 376.00 21.850 378.00 21.950 380.00 22.000 382.00 22.020 384.00 22.050 386.00 22.100 388.00 22.150 390.00 22.200 392.00 22.250 394.00 22.300 396.00 22.400 398.00 22.440 400.00 22.500 402.00 22.550 404.00 22.640 406.00 22.680 408.00 22.700 410.00 22.740 412.00 22.800 414.00 22.850 416.00 22.900 418.00 22.950 420.00 23.000 422.00 23.050 424.00 23.100 426.00 23.150 428.00 23.200 430.00 23.250 432.00 23.300 434.00 23.350 436.00 23.450 438.00 23.500 440.00 23.550 442.00 23.600 444.00 23.650 446.00 23.700 448.00 23.750 450.00 23.800 452.00 23.850 454.00 23.900 456.00 23.950 458.00 24.000 460.00 24.050 462.00 24.100 464.00 24.180 466.00 24.220 468.00 24.280 470.00 24.320 472.00 24.380 474.00 24.400 476.00 24.480 478.00 24.520 480.00 24.550 482.00 24.600 484.00 24.650 486.00 24.700 488.00 24.750 490.00 24.800 492.00 24.850 494.00 24.900 496.00 24.950 498.00 25.000 500.00 25.050 502.00 25.100 504.00 25.150 506.00 25.200 508.00 25.250 510.00 25.300 512.00 25.350 514.00 25.400 516.00 25.420 518.00 25.500 520.00 25.550 522.00 25.600 524.00 25.650 526.00 25.700 528.00 25.720 530.00 25.780 532.00 25.820 534.00 25.900 536.00 25.950 538.00 26.000 540.00 26.050 542.00 26.100 544.00 26.150 546.00 26.200 548.00 26.250 550.00 26.320 552.00 26.380 554.00 26.400 556.00 26.450 558.00 26.500 560.00 26.600 562.00 26.600 564.00 26.650 566.00 26.750 568.00 26.800 570.00 26.840 572.00 26.880 574.00 26.920 576.00 26.950 578.00 27.040 580.00 27.100 582.00 27.120 584.00 27.200 586.00 27.220 588.00 27.300 590.00 27.350 592.00 27.400 594.00 27.420 596.00 27.480 598.00 27.500 600.00 27.580 602.00 27.620 604.00 27.650 606.00 27.720 608.00 27.800 610.00 27.850 612.00 27.900 614.00 27.950 616.00 28.000 618.00 28.050 620.00 28.100 622.00 28.150 624.00 28.200 626.00 28.250 628.00 28.300 630.00 28.350 632.00 28.400 634.00 28.450 636.00 28.500 638.00 28.550 640.00 28.600 642.00 28.650 644.00 28.700 646.00 28.750 648.00 28.800 650.00 28.850 652.00 28.900 654.00 28.950 656.00 29.000