# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-3560008 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1004885 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/KR-3560008.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-3560008 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: KR-3560008 # Location: South Korea # Northernmost_Latitude: 37.7564 # Southernmost_Latitude: 37.7564 # Easternmost_Longitude: 127.5071 # Westernmost_Longitude: 127.5071 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: KR-3560008-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1993 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: Hyoung-Chan Kim (KR) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 12.09 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th 0.063 # 17th 0.274 # 18th -0.070 # 19th -0.169 # 20th 0.318 # Date of logging (Year): 1992.160 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.68 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 27.94 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 20.00 12.870 22.00 12.930 24.00 12.950 26.00 13.010 28.00 13.050 30.00 13.110 32.00 13.120 34.00 13.140 36.00 13.220 38.00 13.240 40.00 13.320 42.00 13.360 44.00 13.390 46.00 13.690 48.00 13.620 50.00 13.620 52.00 13.690 54.00 13.750 56.00 13.820 58.00 13.850 60.00 13.960 62.00 14.000 64.00 14.070 66.00 14.120 68.00 14.160 70.00 14.200 72.00 14.250 74.00 14.310 76.00 14.340 78.00 14.420 80.00 14.550 82.00 14.550 84.00 14.550 86.00 14.610 88.00 14.670 90.00 14.750 92.00 14.760 94.00 14.850 96.00 14.850 98.00 14.920 100.00 15.070 102.00 15.070 104.00 15.090 106.00 15.150 108.00 15.210 110.00 15.250 112.00 15.270 114.00 15.400 116.00 15.420 118.00 15.480 120.00 15.520 122.00 15.630 124.00 15.640 126.00 15.650 128.00 15.730 130.00 15.810 132.00 15.860 134.00 15.930 136.00 15.960 138.00 16.030 140.00 16.060 142.00 16.110 144.00 16.160 146.00 16.180 148.00 16.280 150.00 16.340 152.00 16.410 154.00 16.480 156.00 16.532 158.00 16.584 160.00 16.636 162.00 16.688 164.00 16.740 166.00 16.792 168.00 16.844 170.00 16.896 172.00 16.948 174.00 17.000 176.00 17.052 178.00 17.104 180.00 17.156 182.00 17.208 184.00 17.260 186.00 17.380 188.00 17.400 190.00 17.460 192.00 17.510 194.00 17.560 196.00 17.610 198.00 17.680 200.00 17.760 202.00 17.770 204.00 17.860 206.00 17.870 208.00 17.920 210.00 18.030 212.00 18.080 214.00 18.160 216.00 18.180 218.00 18.260 220.00 18.280 222.00 18.380 224.00 18.420 226.00 18.450 228.00 18.530 230.00 18.600 232.00 18.710 234.00 18.720 236.00 18.750 238.00 18.830 240.00 18.860 242.00 18.940 244.00 18.960 246.00 19.030 248.00 19.070 250.00 19.230 252.00 19.240 254.00 19.240 256.00 19.280 258.00 19.340 260.00 19.410 262.00 19.480 264.00 19.530 266.00 19.590 268.00 19.630 270.00 19.680 272.00 19.720 274.00 19.810 276.00 19.830 278.00 19.870 280.00 19.930 282.00 20.000 284.00 20.170 286.00 20.170 288.00 20.170 290.00 20.190 292.00 20.240 294.00 20.310 296.00 20.360 298.00 20.400 300.00 20.460 302.00 20.530 304.00 20.560 306.00 20.670 308.00 20.680 310.00 20.730 312.00 20.800 314.00 20.860 316.00 20.930 318.00 20.990 320.00 21.000 322.00 21.050 324.00 21.110 326.00 21.190 328.00 21.220 330.00 21.280 332.00 21.350 334.00 21.380 336.00 21.440 338.00 21.500 340.00 21.570 342.00 21.600 344.00 21.660 346.00 21.710 348.00 21.760 350.00 21.820 352.00 21.880 354.00 21.940 356.00 22.000 358.00 22.055 360.00 22.110 362.00 22.165 364.00 22.220 366.00 22.275 368.00 22.330 370.00 22.385 372.00 22.440 374.00 22.480 376.00 22.540 378.00 22.600 380.00 22.660 382.00 22.760 384.00 22.780 386.00 22.840 388.00 22.910 390.00 22.930 392.00 22.990 394.00 23.070 396.00 23.100 398.00 23.180 400.00 23.210 402.00 23.290 404.00 23.360 406.00 23.420 408.00 23.460 410.00 23.500 412.00 23.550 414.00 23.640 416.00 23.730 418.00 23.730 420.00 23.800 422.00 23.880 424.00 23.900 426.00 23.960 428.00 24.050 430.00 24.100 432.00 24.140 434.00 24.210 436.00 24.310 438.00 24.310 440.00 24.360 442.00 24.460 444.00 24.500 446.00 24.540 448.00 24.610 450.00 24.660 452.00 24.720 454.00 24.790 456.00 24.850 458.00 24.900 460.00 25.000 462.00 25.050 464.00 25.070 466.00 25.130 468.00 25.190 470.00 25.270 472.00 25.320 474.00 25.370 476.00 25.440 478.00 25.510 480.00 25.530 482.00 25.620 484.00 25.670 486.00 25.710 488.00 25.780 490.00 25.830 492.00 25.880 494.00 25.940 496.00 25.980 498.00 26.060 500.00 26.130 502.00 26.180 504.00 26.220 506.00 26.280 508.00 26.330 510.00 26.390 512.00 26.450 514.00 26.540 516.00 26.660 518.00 26.660 520.00 26.680 522.00 26.720 524.00 26.780 526.00 26.840 528.00 26.900 530.00 26.970 532.00 27.060 534.00 27.080 536.00 27.140 538.00 27.190 540.00 27.270 542.00 27.350 544.00 27.410 546.00 27.430 548.00 27.480 550.00 27.530 552.00 27.580 554.00 27.640 556.00 27.730 558.00 27.750 560.00 27.800 562.00 27.870 564.00 27.920 566.00 27.970 568.00 28.050 570.00 28.110 572.00 28.150 574.00 28.200 576.00 28.250 578.00 28.310 580.00 28.380 582.00 28.500 584.00 28.540 586.00 28.540 588.00 28.580 590.00 28.640 592.00 28.720 594.00 28.770 596.00 28.820 598.00 28.870 600.00 28.900 602.00 28.970 604.00 29.080 606.00 29.080 608.00 29.130 610.00 29.210 612.00 29.250 614.00 29.310 616.00 29.380 618.00 29.430 620.00 29.530 622.00 29.530 624.00 29.570 626.00 29.630 628.00 29.710 630.00 29.770 632.00 29.800 634.00 29.900 636.00 29.920 638.00 29.980 640.00 30.040 642.00 30.080 644.00 30.060 646.00 30.160 648.00 30.210 650.00 30.280 652.00 30.360 654.00 30.410 656.00 30.430 658.00 30.510 660.00 30.570 662.00 30.620 664.00 30.650 666.00 30.710 668.00 30.770 670.00 30.800 672.00 30.880 674.00 30.970 676.00 30.990 678.00 31.040 680.00 31.090 682.00 31.170 684.00 31.220 686.00 31.280 688.00 31.310 690.00 31.400 692.00 31.430 694.00 31.480 696.00 31.560 698.00 31.570 700.00 31.620 702.00 31.690 704.00 31.730 706.00 31.810 708.00 31.830 710.00 31.900 712.00 31.960 714.00 31.990 716.00 32.060 718.00 32.120 720.00 32.160 722.00 32.230 724.00 32.270 726.00 32.330 728.00 32.380 730.00 32.420 732.00 32.480 734.00 32.540 736.00 32.600 738.00 32.660 740.00 32.720 742.00 32.780 744.00 32.840 746.00 32.900