# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-5220003 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1004888 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/KR-5220003.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-5220003 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: KR-5220003 # Location: South Korea # Northernmost_Latitude: 35.4115 # Southernmost_Latitude: 35.4115 # Easternmost_Longitude: 129.2847 # Westernmost_Longitude: 129.2847 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: KR-5220003-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1989 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: Hyoung-Chan Kim (KR) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 13.48 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th 0.780 # 17th 0.629 # 18th 0.266 # 19th -0.262 # 20th -0.708 # Date of logging (Year): 1988.127 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.58 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 32.51 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 20.00 15.000 22.00 15.100 24.00 15.200 26.00 15.200 28.00 15.300 30.00 15.400 32.00 15.500 34.00 15.500 36.00 15.600 38.00 15.700 40.00 15.700 42.00 15.800 44.00 15.800 46.00 15.800 48.00 15.900 50.00 16.000 52.00 16.100 54.00 16.100 56.00 16.200 58.00 16.300 60.00 16.300 62.00 16.400 64.00 16.400 66.00 16.500 68.00 16.500 70.00 16.600 72.00 16.700 74.00 16.700 76.00 16.800 78.00 16.900 80.00 16.900 82.00 17.000 84.00 17.000 86.00 17.100 88.00 17.100 90.00 17.200 92.00 17.300 94.00 17.300 96.00 17.400 98.00 17.400 100.00 17.500 102.00 17.600 104.00 17.600 106.00 17.600 108.00 17.700 110.00 17.700 112.00 17.800 114.00 17.800 116.00 17.900 118.00 17.900 120.00 18.000 122.00 18.100 124.00 18.100 126.00 18.200 128.00 18.300 130.00 18.300 132.00 18.400 134.00 18.500 136.00 18.500 138.00 18.500 140.00 18.600 142.00 18.700 144.00 18.700 146.00 18.700 148.00 18.800 150.00 18.900 152.00 19.000 154.00 19.000 156.00 19.000 158.00 19.100 160.00 19.200 162.00 19.200 164.00 19.300 166.00 19.300 168.00 19.300 170.00 19.400 172.00 19.400 174.00 19.500 176.00 19.600 178.00 19.600 180.00 19.700 182.00 19.800 184.00 19.800 186.00 19.900 188.00 20.000 190.00 20.000 192.00 20.100 194.00 20.200 196.00 20.200 198.00 20.200 200.00 20.300 202.00 20.400 204.00 20.400 206.00 20.500 208.00 20.500 210.00 20.600 212.00 20.700 214.00 20.800 216.00 20.900 218.00 20.900 220.00 20.900 222.00 21.000 224.00 21.000 226.00 21.100 228.00 21.200 230.00 21.200 232.00 21.300 234.00 21.400 236.00 21.400 238.00 21.500 240.00 21.500 242.00 21.500 244.00 21.600 246.00 21.600 248.00 21.700 250.00 21.800 252.00 21.800 254.00 21.900 256.00 22.000 258.00 22.000 260.00 22.100 262.00 22.100 264.00 22.200 266.00 22.300 268.00 22.300 270.00 22.400 272.00 22.500 274.00 22.500 276.00 22.600 278.00 22.600 280.00 22.700 282.00 22.800 284.00 22.800 286.00 22.900 288.00 22.900 290.00 23.000 292.00 23.000 294.00 23.100 296.00 23.200 298.00 23.300 300.00 23.300 302.00 23.400 304.00 23.400 306.00 23.500 308.00 23.500 310.00 23.600 312.00 23.600 314.00 23.700 316.00 23.800 318.00 23.900 320.00 23.900 322.00 24.000 324.00 24.100 326.00 24.200 328.00 24.200 330.00 24.300 332.00 24.400 334.00 24.500 336.00 24.600 338.00 24.700 340.00 24.800