# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-5220005 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1004889 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/KR-5220005.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-5220005 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: KR-5220005 # Location: South Korea # Northernmost_Latitude: 35.4037 # Southernmost_Latitude: 35.4037 # Easternmost_Longitude: 129.2939 # Westernmost_Longitude: 129.2939 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: KR-5220005-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1989 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: Hyoung-Chan Kim (KR) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 13.65 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th -0.857 # 17th -0.741 # 18th -0.325 # 19th 0.717 # 20th 3.370 # Date of logging (Year): 1988.208 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.58 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 21.50 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 40.00 14.440 42.00 14.420 44.00 14.430 46.00 14.470 48.00 14.500 50.00 14.530 52.00 14.520 54.00 14.520 56.00 14.530 58.00 14.550 60.00 14.580 62.00 14.600 64.00 14.630 66.00 14.660 68.00 14.670 70.00 14.690 72.00 14.720 74.00 14.770 76.00 14.800 78.00 14.840 80.00 14.870 82.00 14.910 84.00 14.930 86.00 14.970 88.00 15.010 90.00 15.040 92.00 15.070 94.00 15.110 96.00 15.150 98.00 15.190 100.00 15.220 102.00 15.260 104.00 15.300 106.00 15.360 108.00 15.390 110.00 15.450 112.00 15.490 114.00 15.520 116.00 15.570 118.00 15.600 120.00 15.660 122.00 15.700 124.00 15.740 126.00 15.790 128.00 15.830 130.00 15.870 132.00 15.920 134.00 15.960 136.00 16.010 138.00 16.050 140.00 16.090 142.00 16.140 144.00 16.190 146.00 16.240 148.00 16.290 150.00 16.340 152.00 16.380 154.00 16.450 156.00 16.520 158.00 16.560 160.00 16.620 162.00 16.670 164.00 16.730 166.00 16.800 168.00 16.820 170.00 16.890 172.00 16.960 174.00 17.000 176.00 17.050 178.00 17.100 180.00 17.150 182.00 17.190 184.00 17.250 186.00 17.290 188.00 17.370 190.00 17.410 192.00 17.460 194.00 17.510 196.00 17.560 198.00 17.590 200.00 17.660 202.00 17.700 204.00 17.750 206.00 17.800 208.00 17.840 210.00 17.900 212.00 17.990 214.00 18.060 216.00 18.100 218.00 18.140 220.00 18.170 222.00 18.190 224.00 18.220 226.00 18.240 228.00 18.270 230.00 18.300 232.00 18.360 234.00 18.390 236.00 18.480 238.00 18.520 240.00 18.560 242.00 18.630 244.00 18.660 246.00 18.710 248.00 18.760 250.00 18.810 252.00 18.860 254.00 18.920 256.00 18.970 258.00 19.040 260.00 19.080 262.00 19.140 264.00 19.180 266.00 19.230 268.00 19.290 270.00 19.340 272.00 19.380 274.00 19.420 276.00 19.480 278.00 19.530 280.00 19.570 282.00 19.600 284.00 19.670 286.00 19.710 288.00 19.770 290.00 19.800 292.00 19.850 294.00 19.910 296.00 19.950 298.00 19.990 300.00 20.040 302.00 20.100 304.00 20.140 306.00 20.180 308.00 20.220 310.00 20.280 312.00 20.310 314.00 20.360 316.00 20.380 318.00 20.450 320.00 20.500 322.00 20.530 324.00 20.570 326.00 20.620 328.00 20.670 330.00 20.700 332.00 20.740 334.00 20.790 336.00 20.840 338.00 20.900 340.00 20.930 342.00 20.990 344.00 21.040 346.00 21.080 348.00 21.120 350.00 21.150 352.00 21.180 354.00 21.220 356.00 21.270 358.00 21.300 360.00 21.350 362.00 21.390 364.00 21.440 366.00 21.470 368.00 21.520 370.00 21.560 372.00 21.610 374.00 21.650 376.00 21.700 378.00 21.750 380.00 21.780 382.00 21.830 384.00 21.870 386.00 21.910 388.00 21.930 390.00 21.970 392.00 22.040 394.00 22.080 396.00 22.110 398.00 22.180 400.00 22.230 402.00 22.290 404.00 22.340 406.00 22.400 408.00 22.460 410.00 22.510 412.00 22.590 414.00 22.640