# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - US-CA3-43 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1000625 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/US-CA3-43.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - US-CA3-43 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: US-CA3-43 # Location: United States Of America # Northernmost_Latitude: 37.10 # Southernmost_Latitude: 37.10 # Easternmost_Longitude: -119.30 # Westernmost_Longitude: -119.30 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: US-CA3-43-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1968 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: A.H. Lachenbruch (US) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 13.416 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th 0.323 # 17th -0.075 # 18th -0.569 # 19th -0.778 # 20th -0.618 # Date of logging (Year): 1967.96 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.53 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 12.21 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 22.75 12.522 27.75 12.691 32.75 12.846 37.75 12.990 42.75 13.126 47.75 13.250 52.75 13.365 57.75 13.481 62.75 13.601 67.75 13.699 72.75 13.804 77.75 13.902 82.75 14.002 87.75 14.106 92.75 14.200 97.75 14.299 102.75 14.393 107.75 14.484 112.75 14.575 117.75 14.662 122.75 14.744 127.75 14.821 132.75 14.902 137.75 14.978 142.75 15.055 147.75 15.129 152.75 15.203 157.75 15.274 162.75 15.346 167.75 15.416 172.75 15.487 177.75 15.553 182.75 15.625 187.75 15.694 192.75 15.762 197.75 15.829 202.75 15.896 207.75 15.960 217.75 16.088 222.75 16.150 227.75 16.213 232.75 16.276 237.75 16.338 242.75 16.399 247.75 16.460 252.75 16.520 257.75 16.583 262.75 16.644 267.75 16.704 272.75 16.763 277.75 16.826 282.75 16.889 287.75 16.950 292.75 17.012 297.75 17.065 302.75 17.125 307.75 17.184 312.75 17.242 317.75 17.302 322.75 17.363 327.75 17.422 332.75 17.478 337.75 17.539 342.75 17.599 347.75 17.657 352.75 17.717 357.75 17.776 362.75 17.835 367.75 17.896 372.75 17.954 377.75 18.012 382.75 18.072 387.75 18.135 392.75 18.196 397.75 18.262 402.75 18.323 407.75 18.381 412.75 18.439 417.75 18.502 422.75 18.566 427.75 18.627 432.75 18.690 437.75 18.756 442.75 18.820 447.75 18.887 452.75 18.948 457.75 19.018 462.75 19.083 467.75 19.146 472.75 19.207 477.75 19.277 482.75 19.342 487.75 19.407 491.49 19.458