# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - US-NJ6-8 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1000674 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/US-NJ6-8.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - US-NJ6-8 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: US-NJ6-8 # Location: United States Of America # Northernmost_Latitude: 41.10 # Southernmost_Latitude: 41.10 # Easternmost_Longitude: -74.58 # Westernmost_Longitude: -74.58 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: US-NJ6-8-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1970 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: W.H. Diment (US) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 9.168 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th 0.817 # 17th 0.330 # 18th -0.206 # 19th -0.359 # 20th 0.046 # Date of logging (Year): 1969.79 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.90 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 12.62 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 30.50 10.072 38.10 10.182 45.70 10.278 53.30 10.372 61.00 10.455 68.60 10.538 76.20 10.613 83.80 10.677 91.40 10.761 99.10 10.839 106.70 10.915 114.30 10.994 121.90 11.071 129.50 11.145 137.20 11.234 144.80 11.313 152.40 11.394 160.00 11.481 167.60 11.564 175.30 11.648 182.90 11.732 190.50 11.819 198.10 11.914 205.70 11.994 213.40 12.071 221.00 12.137 228.60 12.217 236.20 12.295 243.80 12.370 251.50 12.456 259.10 12.532 266.70 12.640 274.30 12.721 281.90 12.813 289.60 12.893 297.20 12.990 304.80 13.082 312.40 13.171 320.00 13.252 327.70 13.330 335.30 13.434 342.90 13.522 350.50 13.601 358.10 13.698 365.80 13.791 373.40 13.880 381.00 13.977 388.60 14.070 396.20 14.156 403.90 14.258 411.50 14.357 419.10 14.442 426.70 14.537 434.30 14.650 442.00 14.762 449.60 14.842 457.20 14.936 464.80 15.024 472.40 15.127 480.10 15.217 487.70 15.314 495.30 15.414 502.90 15.518 510.50 15.591 518.20 15.687 525.80 15.791 533.40 15.889 541.00 15.992 548.60 16.094 556.30 16.200 563.90 16.313 571.50 16.406 579.10 16.508 586.70 16.607 594.40 16.693