# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - US-UTSRS-3 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1000732 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/US-UTSRS-3.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - US-UTSRS-3 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: US-UTSRS-3 # Location: United States Of America # Northernmost_Latitude: 38.80 # Southernmost_Latitude: 38.80 # Easternmost_Longitude: -109.32 # Westernmost_Longitude: -109.32 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: US-UTSRS-3-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1980 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: R.N. Harris (US) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 10.641 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th -0.435 # 17th -0.050 # 18th 0.470 # 19th 0.571 # 20th -0.285 # Date of logging (Year): 1979.75 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 4.82 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 11.12 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 20.00 11.300 30.00 11.320 40.00 11.360 50.00 11.420 55.00 11.450 60.00 11.500 65.00 11.540 70.00 11.580 75.00 11.620 80.00 11.660 85.00 11.710 90.00 11.740 95.00 11.790 100.00 11.830 105.00 11.870 110.00 11.920 115.00 11.960 120.00 12.010 125.00 12.060 130.00 12.110 135.00 12.160 140.00 12.200 145.00 12.250 150.00 12.300 155.00 12.350 160.00 12.400 165.00 12.450 170.00 12.500 175.00 12.550 180.00 12.590 185.00 12.650 190.00 12.700 195.00 12.750 200.00 12.800 205.00 12.850 210.00 12.910 215.00 12.960 220.00 13.010 225.00 13.050 230.00 13.110 235.00 13.170 240.00 13.220 245.00 13.290 250.00 13.350 255.00 13.420 260.00 13.490 265.00 13.550 270.00 13.610 275.00 13.660 280.00 13.710 285.00 13.770 290.00 13.870 295.00 13.920 300.00 13.990 305.00 14.050 310.00 14.100 315.00 14.160 320.00 14.230 325.00 14.290 330.00 14.340 335.00 14.380 340.00 14.450 345.00 14.500 350.00 14.560 355.00 14.620 360.00 14.670 365.00 14.720 370.00 14.780 375.00 14.830 380.00 14.870 385.00 14.920 390.00 14.980 395.00 15.020 400.00 15.080 405.00 15.130 410.00 15.190 415.00 15.230 420.00 15.280 425.00 15.340 430.00 15.390 435.00 15.440 440.00 15.490 445.00 15.550 450.00 15.600 455.00 15.660 460.00 15.710 465.00 15.780 470.00 15.850 475.00 15.920 480.00 15.990 485.00 16.050 490.00 16.130 495.00 16.210