# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - US-sar92 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1000719 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/US-sar92.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - US-sar92 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: US-sar92 # Location: United States Of America # Northernmost_Latitude: 44.33 # Southernmost_Latitude: 44.33 # Easternmost_Longitude: -74.27 # Westernmost_Longitude: -74.27 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: US-sar92-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1993 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: E.R. Decker (US) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 5.146 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th -0.186 # 17th -0.130 # 18th 0.017 # 19th 0.317 # 20th 0.946 # Date of logging (Year): 1992. # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 1.84 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 18.27 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 13.50 6.729 15.60 6.694 17.60 6.609 19.70 6.562 21.80 6.526 23.90 6.487 25.90 6.461 28.00 6.443 30.10 6.434 32.20 6.426 34.20 6.421 36.30 6.419 38.40 6.418 40.50 6.418 42.50 6.419 44.60 6.421 46.70 6.424 48.80 6.429 50.80 6.436 52.90 6.443 55.00 6.453 57.10 6.464 59.10 6.490 61.20 6.516 63.30 6.536 65.30 6.556 67.40 6.576 69.50 6.596 71.50 6.617 73.60 6.639 75.70 6.661 77.70 6.682 79.80 6.705 81.90 6.729 83.90 6.755 86.00 6.779 88.10 6.806 90.10 6.833 92.20 6.859 94.20 6.888 96.30 6.919 98.40 6.957 100.40 6.989 102.50 7.021 104.50 7.052 106.60 7.084 108.70 7.115 110.70 7.149 112.80 7.181 114.80 7.214 116.90 7.248 118.90 7.282 121.00 7.316 123.00 7.362 125.10 7.394 127.10 7.415 129.20 7.450 131.20 7.488 133.30 7.525 135.30 7.560 137.40 7.594 139.40 7.637 141.50 7.672 143.50 7.711 145.50 7.747 147.60 7.780 149.60 7.817 151.70 7.852 153.70 7.887 155.80 7.927 166.00 8.100 176.10 8.298 186.30 8.491 196.50 8.686 206.60 8.878 216.80 9.072 226.90 9.264 237.00 9.452 247.20 9.641 257.30 9.835 267.40 10.014 277.50 10.199 287.60 10.387 297.60 10.571 307.70 10.758 317.80 10.942 327.90 11.126 338.00 11.310 348.00 11.494 358.10 11.644 368.20 11.863