20,000 Year Borehole Surface Temperature Reconstructions ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: 20,000 Year Borehole Surface Temperature Reconstructions LAST UPDATE: 7/2009 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Shaopeng Huang, University of Michigan IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2009-077 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Huang, S.P., et al. 2009. 20,000 Year Borehole Surface Temperature Reconstructions. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2009-077. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Huang, S.P., H.N. Pollack, and P.-Y. Shen. 2008. A late Quaternary climate reconstruction based on borehole heat flux data, borehole temperature data, and the instrumental record. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L13703, doi:10.1029/2008GL034187. ABSTRACT: We present a suite of new 20,000 year reconstructions that integrate three types of geothermal information: a global database of terrestrial heat flux measurements, another database of temperature versus depth observations, and the 20th century instrumental record of temperature, all referenced to the 1961–1990 mean of the instrumental record. These reconstructions show the warming from the last glacial maximum, the occurrence of a mid-Holocene warm episode, a Medieval Warm Period (MWP), a Little Ice Age (LIA), and the rapid warming of the 20th century. The reconstructions show the temperatures of the mid-Holocene warm episode some 1–2 K above the reference level, the maximum of the MWP at or slightly below the reference level, the minimum of the LIA about 1 K below the reference level, and end-of-20th century temperatures about 0.5 K above the reference level. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Global PERIOD OF RECORD: 20,000 years BP - present FUNDING SOURCES: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) grant NA07OAR4310059 and US National Science Foundation (NSF) grant ATM-0317572. DESCRIPTION: Suite of 9 surface temperature reconstructions for the past 20,000 years, based on both a global borehole temperature database and a global heat flow database. Nine reconstruction time series are presented, utilizing three values of thermal diffusivity (0.9, 1.0, 1.1 x10-6 m2s-1, denoted a09, a10 and a11, each paired with three values of steady state heat flux (60, 62, 64 mWm-2, denoted q60, q62 and q64. DATA: Huang et al. 2008 surface temperature reconstructions Temperature Anomalies, ºK, vs. 1961-1990 AD instrumental mean. Column 1: Age, KyrBP Column 2: Surface temperature reconstruction, q60a09 Column 3: Surface temperature reconstruction, q60a10 Column 4: Surface temperature reconstruction, q60a11 Column 5: Surface temperature reconstruction, q62a09 Column 6: Surface temperature reconstruction, q62a10 Column 7: Surface temperature reconstruction, q62a11 Column 8: Surface temperature reconstruction, q64a09 Column 9: Surface temperature reconstruction, q64a10 Column 10: Surface temperature reconstruction, q64a11 kabp q60a09 q60a10 q60a11 q62a09 q62a10 q62a11 q64a09 q64a10 q64a11 20 -3.76114 -3.98756 -4.05124 -3.58881 -3.8267 -3.89431 -3.41669 -3.66582 -3.73717 19 -3.61614 -3.93022 -4.07891 -3.43566 -3.76541 -3.92195 -3.25555 -3.60071 -3.76487 18 -3.41645 -3.81647 -4.05215 -3.22426 -3.64409 -3.89166 -3.03263 -3.47199 -3.73117 17 -3.15575 -3.63677 -3.95851 -2.94811 -3.45278 -3.79044 -2.74125 -3.26928 -3.62253 16 -2.83104 -3.38584 -3.79101 -2.60431 -3.18605 -3.61092 -2.3786 -2.98699 -3.4312 15 -2.43766 -3.05454 -3.5363 -2.18875 -2.83494 -3.33964 -1.94111 -2.61632 -3.14356 14.5 -2.21548 -2.85812 -3.3749 -1.95469 -2.62734 -3.16835 -1.6953 -2.39767 -2.9625 14 -1.97543 -2.63871 -3.1867 -1.70255 -2.3961 -2.96931 -1.43116 -2.15475 -2.75277 13.5 -1.71984 -2.39872 -2.97435 -1.43496 -2.14393 -2.74542 -1.1517 -1.89054 -2.51746 13 -1.44832 -2.13592 -2.73368 -1.15196 -1.86893 -2.49275 -0.85732 -1.60346 -2.25293 12.5 -1.16471 -1.8541 -2.46851 -0.85788 -1.57535 -2.21555 -0.55285 -1.29823 -1.96382 12 -0.87039 -1.55261 -2.17598 -0.5546 -1.26303 -1.9114 -0.24067 -0.97517 -1.64816 11.5 -0.57151 -1.23773 -1.86232 -0.2488 -0.93881 -1.5871 0.07201 -0.64169 -1.31333 11 -0.27152 -0.91126 -1.52721 0.05573 -0.60492 -1.24281 0.38108 -0.30041 -0.95993 10.5 0.02192 -0.58193 -1.18008 0.35132 -0.27026 -0.88824 0.67883 0.03955 -0.59798 10 0.30612 -0.25191 -0.82196 0.63576 0.0634 -0.52411 0.96356 0.37687 -0.22787 9.8 0.41549 -0.12214 -0.67875 0.74485 0.19433 -0.37873 1.0724 0.50896 -0.08034 9.6 0.52351 0.00832 -0.53266 0.85241 0.32584 -0.23051 1.1795 0.64151 0.07001 9.4 0.62756 0.13567 -0.38879 0.95569 0.45401 -0.08462 1.28204 0.77053 0.2179 9.2 0.72921 0.26269 -0.24292 1.05615 0.58154 0.06304 1.38135 0.89859 0.36735 9 0.82538 0.385 -0.10088 1.15066 0.70394 0.20654 1.47423 1.0211 0.5123 8.8 0.91746 0.50522 0.04139 1.24061 0.82386 0.34995 1.5621 1.14075 0.65685 8.6 1.00249 0.61902 0.17807 1.32299 0.93689 0.48736 1.6419 1.25305 0.79502 8.4 1.08231 0.72953 0.31372 1.39966 1.04617 0.62337 1.71547 1.36114 0.9314 8.2 1.15388 0.83223 0.44229 1.4675 1.14711 0.75181 1.77966 1.46037 1.05976 8 1.21911 0.93037 0.56848 1.52845 1.24296 0.87743 1.83641 1.55399 1.18483 7.8 1.27483 1.01921 0.68594 1.57929 1.32892 0.99376 1.88244 1.63715 1.30008 7.6 1.32307 1.10215 0.79957 1.62205 1.40839 1.10572 1.91981 1.71323 1.41042 7.4 1.36052 1.17424 0.90267 1.65337 1.47636 1.20654 1.94511 1.77716 1.50901 7.2 1.38932 1.23902 1.00036 1.67544 1.53638 1.30133 1.96054 1.83251 1.60096 7 1.40606 1.29135 1.08565 1.68479 1.58325 1.38301 1.96261 1.87402 1.67911 6.8 1.41301 1.33495 1.16386 1.68373 1.62071 1.45694 1.95366 1.90545 1.74883 6.6 1.40665 1.36447 1.22769 1.66872 1.64336 1.51572 1.93012 1.92133 1.80265 6.4 1.38944 1.38388 1.28276 1.64227 1.6552 1.56499 1.89457 1.92572 1.84623 6.2 1.35774 1.38764 1.32147 1.60075 1.65064 1.59709 1.84334 1.91297 1.87182 6 1.31421 1.37996 1.34973 1.54688 1.63396 1.61797 1.77927 1.88742 1.88543 5.8 1.25512 1.35512 1.35967 1.47697 1.59941 1.61969 1.69867 1.84331 1.87905 5.6 1.18336 1.31767 1.35759 1.39402 1.55164 1.60862 1.60467 1.78537 1.85913 5.4 1.09513 1.26172 1.33535 1.2943 1.48476 1.57658 1.49359 1.70771 1.81742 5.2 0.99358 1.19215 1.29969 1.18111 1.4038 1.53042 1.36891 1.61551 1.76091 5 0.87481 1.10293 1.24219 1.0507 1.30278 1.46172 1.22699 1.50282 1.68115 4.8 0.7423 0.99935 1.17013 0.90678 1.18719 1.37794 1.07178 1.37537 1.58578 4.6 0.59211 0.87524 1.07485 0.74561 1.051 1.27046 0.89974 1.22723 1.46625 4.4 0.42807 0.73635 0.96421 0.57137 0.90025 1.1474 0.71539 1.06475 1.33091 4.2 0.24629 0.57637 0.82928 0.38047 0.72887 1.00001 0.51544 0.88209 1.17119 4 0.05115 0.40163 0.67864 0.17777 0.54364 0.83723 0.30522 0.68646 0.9964 3.9 -0.05365 0.30511 0.59229 0.06988 0.44229 0.745 0.19426 0.58033 0.89835 3.8 -0.15989 0.20755 0.50556 -0.03884 0.34034 0.65265 0.08306 0.47401 0.80044 3.7 -0.27187 0.10217 0.40898 -0.15268 0.231 0.5507 -0.03264 0.36072 0.69317 3.6 -0.38487 -0.00392 0.31229 -0.26678 0.12152 0.44905 -0.14785 0.24786 0.58659 3.5 -0.50335 -0.11782 0.20559 -0.38557 0.00482 0.33778 -0.26697 0.12838 0.47079 3.4 -0.62226 -0.232 0.09913 -0.50384 -0.1114 0.22734 -0.38463 0.01012 0.35639 3.3 -0.74616 -0.35384 -0.01741 -0.62611 -0.23448 0.10739 -0.50533 -0.11424 0.23305 3.2 -0.86959 -0.47533 -0.13321 -0.74677 -0.35625 -0.01104 -0.62329 -0.23632 0.112 3.1 -0.99721 -0.60412 -0.25906 -0.87042 -0.4843 -0.1387 -0.74305 -0.36368 -0.01749 3 -1.12306 -0.73165 -0.38348 -0.99094 -0.60988 -0.2639 -0.85833 -0.48736 -0.14349 2.9 -1.2518 -0.86577 -0.51767 -1.11292 -0.74077 -0.39781 -0.97367 -0.61512 -0.27715 2.8 -1.37688 -0.99726 -0.64943 -1.22965 -0.86755 -0.52795 -1.08218 -0.73728 -0.40572 2.7 -1.50284 -1.1341 -0.79032 -1.34562 -0.99813 -0.66584 -1.18832 -0.86173 -0.54069 2.6 -1.62241 -1.26626 -0.92725 -1.45339 -1.12225 -0.79811 -1.28445 -0.97795 -0.66839 2.5 -1.7399 -1.40172 -1.07203 -1.55725 -1.24783 -0.93652 -1.37488 -1.09383 -0.80054 2.4 -1.84712 -1.52942 -1.2105 -1.64887 -1.3636 -1.0666 -1.45111 -1.19786 -0.92235 2.3 -1.94801 -1.65716 -1.35457 -1.73225 -1.47735 -1.20021 -1.51719 -1.29781 -1.04567 2.2 -2.03331 -1.77263 -1.48868 -1.79801 -1.57653 -1.3215 -1.56367 -1.38095 -1.15432 2.1 -2.10648 -1.88322 -1.62458 -1.84981 -1.66865 -1.44223 -1.59436 -1.45483 -1.26007 2 -2.15706 -1.97507 -1.74499 -1.87723 -1.73968 -1.54483 -1.59889 -1.50533 -1.34511 1.9 -2.1881 -2.05503 -1.86118 -1.88367 -1.79672 -1.64072 -1.58101 -1.53975 -1.42094 1.8 -2.18808 -2.10748 -1.9537 -1.85793 -1.82422 -1.7103 -1.52983 -1.5426 -1.46788 1.7 -2.16002 -2.13873 -2.0331 -1.80373 -1.82901 -1.76448 -1.44976 -1.52123 -1.49713 1.6 -2.09206 -2.13162 -2.07751 -1.70994 -1.79437 -1.78157 -1.3304 -1.45937 -1.48721 1.5 -1.9884 -2.09259 -2.09686 -1.58206 -1.72777 -1.77229 -1.17852 -1.36549 -1.44961 1.4 -1.83869 -2.00409 -2.06732 -1.41119 -1.6128 -1.7136 -0.98665 -1.2243 -1.36206 1.3 -1.6511 -1.87482 -1.9995 -1.2077 -1.46009 -1.61775 -0.76735 -1.04833 -1.23845 1.2 -1.42059 -1.69013 -1.86996 -0.9691 -1.25727 -1.46322 -0.52063 -0.82748 -1.05914 1.1 -1.16447 -1.46598 -1.69422 -0.7162 -1.0237 -1.26867 -0.27078 -0.58447 -0.8459 1 -0.88932 -1.1976 -1.45576 -0.45953 -0.75861 -1.0214 -0.03222 -0.32247 -0.5898 0.9 -0.62867 -0.91733 -1.18472 -0.23743 -0.4997 -0.75705 0.15195 -0.08446 -0.33191 0.8 -0.40681 -0.6406 -0.88437 -0.07874 -0.2681 -0.48522 0.24833 0.10273 -0.08812 0.75 -0.32752 -0.52343 -0.74469 -0.04159 -0.18431 -0.37024 0.24388 0.15364 0.00252 0.7 -0.27009 -0.41802 -0.60509 -0.03369 -0.12034 -0.26357 0.20284 0.17672 0.07672 0.65 -0.25044 -0.34744 -0.49509 -0.0711 -0.09999 -0.19586 0.10905 0.14749 0.10269 0.6 -0.2625 -0.30234 -0.40071 -0.14696 -0.11376 -0.15354 -0.02992 0.07557 0.0936 0.55 -0.32012 -0.30608 -0.35401 -0.27401 -0.18474 -0.16915 -0.2257 -0.0619 0.01641 0.5 -0.4114 -0.34522 -0.33888 -0.43767 -0.29774 -0.2257 -0.46111 -0.24799 -0.11104 0.45 -0.54257 -0.43799 -0.38528 -0.64038 -0.46826 -0.35154 -0.73484 -0.49557 -0.31553 0.4 -0.68854 -0.55882 -0.46716 -0.85066 -0.66523 -0.51626 -1.00916 -0.76814 -0.56238 0.35 -0.83929 -0.70998 -0.60076 -1.04997 -0.88296 -0.72921 -1.25714 -1.05224 -0.85417 0.3 -0.94846 -0.84079 -0.7339 -1.18024 -1.05839 -0.92611 -1.40916 -1.27261 -1.11474 0.25 -0.98746 -0.92677 -0.85104 -1.20068 -1.15196 -1.07487 -1.41238 -1.37479 -1.29572 0.2 -0.9037 -0.89502 -0.86411 -1.05124 -1.07633 -1.06772 -1.19919 -1.25711 -1.26985 0.18 -0.83756 -0.85096 -0.84264 -0.94622 -0.99892 -1.0205 -1.05616 -1.14724 -1.19775 0.16 -0.74289 -0.77007 -0.77808 -0.80768 -0.87631 -0.91924 -0.87459 -0.98386 -1.06076 0.14 -0.63866 -0.67827 -0.70307 -0.65862 -0.73766 -0.79879 -0.68134 -0.79923 -0.89586 0.12 -0.51604 -0.55577 -0.58625 -0.49521 -0.56767 -0.63132 -0.47749 -0.58241 -0.67863 0.1 -0.40126 -0.43844 -0.4721 -0.35141 -0.41056 -0.46944 -0.30456 -0.38571 -0.46956 0.08 -0.29045 -0.31297 -0.33669 -0.23038 -0.26203 -0.29948 -0.17259 -0.21371 -0.26499 0.07 -0.24847 -0.26674 -0.2876 -0.19253 -0.21385 -0.24222 -0.13828 -0.16309 -0.19921 0.06 -0.20709 -0.21441 -0.22522 -0.16096 -0.16643 -0.17915 -0.11587 -0.11995 -0.13491 0.05 -0.17254 -0.17751 -0.18546 -0.14213 -0.14245 -0.14825 -0.11208 -0.10811 -0.1121 0.04 -0.14566 -0.14235 -0.14144 -0.13237 -0.12427 -0.11967 -0.11893 -0.10627 -0.09822 0.03 -0.08033 -0.08065 -0.08105 -0.08361 -0.08184 -0.07989 -0.08651 -0.08265 -0.07837 0.02 -0.03876 -0.0384 -0.0376 -0.04696 -0.04927 -0.05049 -0.05521 -0.06007 -0.06314 0.01 0.26475 0.2614 0.2601 0.26295 0.25539 0.25005 0.26066 0.24899 0.23974 0 0.50774 0.49714 0.48749 0.50917 0.49499 0.48172 0.51011 0.4924 0.47559