# Paleo pCO2 Database: South Atlantic Ocean (ODP 1264B) Boron Isotope Data during the late Oligocene and early Miocene 
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#               World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
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#                      NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
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# NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data.
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space
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# NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/38779
#   Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
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# Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-ocean-38779.json
#   Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
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# Data_Type: Paleoceanography
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# Dataset_DOI:
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# Science_Keywords: Atmospheric Gas Reconstruction, Earth Surface Conditions Reconstruction, carbon cycle
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# Resource_Links
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# Related_Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/35079
#   Data_Download_Description: Synthesis Landing Page; Paleo pCO2 Landing Page
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# Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/anderson2023-odp_1264b_iso.txt
#   Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Boron Isotope Data
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# Contribution_Date
#   Date: 2023-11-16
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#   Date: 2023-11-24
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# Title
#   Study_Name: Paleo pCO2 Database: South Atlantic Ocean (ODP 1264B) Boron Isotope Data during the late Oligocene and early Miocene 
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# Investigators
#   Investigators: Anderson, Lloyd; Honisch, Barbel; Coxall, Helen; Bolge, Louise
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#   Description: New reconstructions of atmospheric carbon dioxide from 28-18 Ma using cross-calibrations of the boron isotope proxy in Oligocene and Miocene planktic foraminifera shells
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# Publication
#   Authors: Lloyd Anderson, Barbel Honisch, Helen Coxall, Louise Bolge
#   Published_Date_or_Year: 2023
#   Published_Title: Atmospheric CO2 estimates for the late Oligocene and early Miocene using multi-species cross-calibrations of boron isotopes
#   Journal_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
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#   DOI: 10.1029/2022PA004569
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#   Abstract: The boron isotope (d11B) proxy for seawater pH is a tried and tested means to reconstruct atmospheric CO2 in the geologic past, but uncertainty remains over how to treat species-specific calibrations that link foraminiferal d11B to pH estimates prior to 22 My. In addition, no d11B-based reconstructions of atmospheric CO2 exist for wide swaths of the Oligocene (33 – 23 Ma), and large variability in CO2 reconstructions during this epoch based on other proxy evidence leaves climate evolution during this period relatively unconstrained. To add to our understanding of Oligocene and early Miocene climate, we generated new atmospheric CO2 estimates from new d11B data from fossil shells of surface-dwelling planktic foraminifera from the mid-Oligocene to early Miocene (~ 28 – 18 Ma). We estimate atmospheric CO2 of ~ 680 ppm for the mid-Oligocene, which then evolves to fluctuate between ~ 500 – 570 ppm during the late Oligocene and between ~ 420 – 700 ppm in the early Miocene. These estimates tend to trend higher than Oligo-Miocene CO2 estimates from other proxies, although we observe good proxy agreement in the late Oligocene. Reconstructions of CO2 fall lower than estimates from paleoclimate model simulations in the early Miocene and mid Oligocene, which indicates that more proxy and/or model refinement is needed for these periods. Our species cross-calibrations, assessing d11B, Mg/Ca, d18O, and d13C, are able to pinpoint and evaluate small differences in the geochemistry of surface-dwelling planktic foraminifera, lending confidence to paleoceanographers applying this approach even further back in time.
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# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation
#   Grant: 16-57974
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# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research
#   Grant: Johanna M. Resig Fellowship
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# Site_Information
#   Site_Name: Ocean Drilling Program Site 1264B
#   Location: South Atlantic Ocean
#   Northernmost_Latitude: -28.533
#   Southernmost_Latitude: -28.533
#   Easternmost_Longitude: 2.845
#   Westernmost_Longitude: 2.845
#   Elevation_m: -2507
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# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: ODP_1264B_iso
#   First_Year: 27310000
#   Last_Year: 17651000
#   Time_Unit: calendar year before present
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#   Parameter_Keywords: geochemistry
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# Variables
# PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf
#   PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format.
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